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Erbium Tin Comparison

Erbium
Tin
Tin Erbium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Er  
Sn  
Group Number
3  
15
14  
4
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440520  
35
7440315  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
I41/amd  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
141.00  
10
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
  • Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
Sources
Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander  
-  
Discovery
In 1842  
Before 3500 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
32
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
  • Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
  
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
1.40 p.p.m.  
17
Physical
Melting Point
1,522.00 °C  
28
231.90 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,510.00 °C  
99+
2,270.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Lustrous  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.00  
22
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
814.00 MPa  
12
50.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
589.00 MPa  
30
50.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,830.00 m/s  
99+
2,730.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.76  
24
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
36.00 %  
33
51.00 %  
30
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
β Allotropes
-  
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
γ Allotropes
-  
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Er  
Sn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.24  
37
1.96  
9
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.24  
29
1.49  
19
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11  
30
1.72  
5
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.24  
36
2.21  
5
Allen Electronegativity
1.24  
99+
1.82  
14
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.76  
18
2.04  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
2nd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,194.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,897.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
21
6th Energy Level
5,897.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
39
8th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
35
9th Energy Level
4,240.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
32
10th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
36
11th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
34
12th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
31
14th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
37
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
27
16th Energy Level
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
38
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
17th Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,086.00 kJ/mol  
33
19th Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
39
20th Energy Level
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.00 kJ/mol  
33
21st Energy Level
5,897.00 kJ/mol  
19
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.00 kJ/mol  
27
23rd Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
26
25th Energy Level
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
28
26th Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
27th Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
28th Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
32
29th Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
30th Energy Level
589.70 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.08 g/amp-hr  
32
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.93 eV  
2
4.42 eV  
22
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
68  
99+
50  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f12 6s2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100  
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
68  
99+
50  
99+
Number of Neutrons
99  
34
69  
99+
Number of Electrons
68  
99+
50  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm  
20
140.00 pm  
40
Covalent Radius
189.00 pm  
19
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
0.00 pm  
99+
217.00 pm  
29
Atomic Weight
167.26 amu  
99+
118.71 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.40 cm3/mol  
37
16.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Holmium
  
Indium
  
Next Element
Thulium
  
Cesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
49.00 (-eV)  
30
83.50 (-eV)  
14
Lattice Constant
355.88 pm  
99+
583.18 pm  
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
40
0.68  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.07 g/cm3  
99+
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.86 g/cm3  
99+
6.99 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
350.00 MPa  
12
15.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
15
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
21
0.00 (Pa)  
18
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
28.30 GPa  
31
18.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
44.40 GPa  
31
58.00 GPa  
21
Young's Modulus
69.90 GPa  
31
50.00 GPa  
39
Poisson Ratio
0.24  
28
0.36  
8
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.07  
99+
7.31  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
11
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
0.86 nΩ·m  
99+
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.09 106/cm Ω  
28
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
107.30 kJ/mol  
9
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)  
35
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
Molar Heat Capacity
28.12 J/mol·K  
14
27.11 J/mol·K  
26
Thermal Conductivity
14.50 W/m·K  
99+
66.80 W/m·K  
25
Critical Temperature
1,802.00 K  
30
505.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
12.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
21
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
261.00 kJ/mol  
99+
290.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.20 kJ/mol  
15
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol  
99+
301.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
73.10 J/mol.K  
11
51.20 J/mol.K  
40
Summary >>
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