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Erbium Vanadium Comparison

Erbium
Vanadium
Vanadium Erbium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Er  
V  
Group Number
3  
15
5  
13
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440520  
35
7440622  
27
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
  • Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
Mining  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander  
Andrés Manuel del Río  
Discovery
In 1842  
In 1801  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
11
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
36
0.01 %  
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
32
0.02 %  
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
  • Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
39
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Physical
Melting Point
1,522.00 °C  
28
1,890.00 °C  
13
Boiling Point
2,510.00 °C  
99+
3,380.00 °C  
21
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Blue-Silver Grey  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.00  
22
6.70  
4
Brinell Hardness
814.00 MPa  
12
600.00 MPa  
24
Vickers Hardness
589.00 MPa  
30
628.00 MPa  
25
Speed of Sound
2,830.00 m/s  
99+
4,560.00 m/s  
22
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.76  
24
2.05  
13
Reflectivity
36.00 %  
33
61.00 %  
22
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Er  
V  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
22  
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.24  
37
1.63  
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.24  
29
1.39  
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11  
30
1.45  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.24  
36
1.63  
21
Allen Electronegativity
1.24  
99+
1.53  
29
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.76  
18
2.37  
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,414.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,194.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,830.00 kJ/mol  
36
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,507.00 kJ/mol  
35
5th Energy Level
5,897.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,298.70 kJ/mol  
38
6th Energy Level
5,897.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,363.00 kJ/mol  
6
7th Energy level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,530.00 kJ/mol  
5
8th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16,730.00 kJ/mol  
7
9th Energy Level
4,240.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19,860.00 kJ/mol  
7
10th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22,240.00 kJ/mol  
12
11th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24,670.00 kJ/mol  
15
12th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,730.00 kJ/mol  
34
13th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
32,446.00 kJ/mol  
12
14th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
37
86,450.00 kJ/mol  
1
15th Energy Level
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
94,170.00 kJ/mol  
3
16th Energy Level
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
38
102,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
17th Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
112,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
18th Energy Level
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
121,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
19th Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
130,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
20th Energy Level
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
143,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
21st Energy Level
5,897.00 kJ/mol  
19
151,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
22nd Energy Level
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
650.00 kJ/mol  
32
23rd Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
25th Energy Level
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
26th Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
27th Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
28th Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
589.70 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.08 g/amp-hr  
32
0.38 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.93 eV  
2
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
68  
99+
23  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f12 6s2  
[Ar] 3d3 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
68  
99+
23  
99+
Number of Neutrons
99  
34
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
68  
99+
23  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm  
20
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
189.00 pm  
19
153.00 pm  
35
Van der Waals Radius
0.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
167.26 amu  
99+
50.94 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.40 cm3/mol  
37
8.78 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Holmium
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Thulium
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
49.00 (-eV)  
30
120.00 (-eV)  
6
Lattice Constant
355.88 pm  
99+
303.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
40
1.70  
9
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.07 g/cm3  
99+
6.00 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.86 g/cm3  
99+
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
350.00 MPa  
12
800.00 MPa  
6
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
11
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
21
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.23 (Pa)  
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
28.30 GPa  
31
47.00 GPa  
16
Bulk Modulus
44.40 GPa  
31
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
69.90 GPa  
31
128.00 GPa  
17
Poisson Ratio
0.24  
28
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.07  
99+
5.96  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
11
0.00  
8
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
0.86 nΩ·m  
99+
197.00 nΩ·m  
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω  
40
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)  
35
0.49 J/(kg K)  
10
Molar Heat Capacity
28.12 J/mol·K  
14
24.89 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
14.50 W/m·K  
99+
30.70 W/m·K  
40
Critical Temperature
1,802.00 K  
30
2,183.00 K  
15
Thermal Expansion
12.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
261.00 kJ/mol  
99+
458.60 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.20 kJ/mol  
15
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol  
99+
514.60 kJ/mol  
17
Standard Molar Entropy
73.10 J/mol.K  
11
28.90 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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