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Erbium vs Francium

Erbium
Francium
Francium vs Erbium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Er  
Fr  
Group Number
Not Available  
1  
17
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
f block  
s block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440520  
35
7440735  
18
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Not Available  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
Not Available  
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
  • Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
  
  • 223 Francium has the longest half life at 21.8.
  • Francium metal is produced by alpha decay in 227Actinium 227.
  
Sources
Mining  
Formed by Decay Process, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander  
Marguerite Perey  
Discovery
In 1842  
In 1939  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %  
22
Not Available  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %  
26
~-9999 %  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
36
Not Available  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
32
Not Available  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
36
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
  • Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
  
  • Francium has no known uses as it has a half life of only 22 minutes.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
NA  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys  
NA  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic  
NA  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
Not Available  
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
Not Available  
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,522.00 °C  
28
27.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,510.00 °C  
99+
677.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
NA  
Luster
Lustrous  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
814.00 MPa  
11
Not Available  
Vickers Hardness
589.00 MPa  
19
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
2,830.00 m/s  
28
Not Available  
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Er  
Fr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.24  
36
0.70  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11  
29
0.86  
99+
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available  
0.68  
25
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available  
0.67  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.76  
18
3.30  
1
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Not Available  
3rd Energy Level
2,194.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Not Available  
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
33
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.08 g/amp-hr  
28
8.32 g/amp-hr  
1
Electron Work Function
Not Available  
Not Available  
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
68  
99+
87  
31
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f12 6s2  
[Rn] 7s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
68  
99+
87  
31
Number of Neutrons
99  
33
136  
17
Number of Electrons
68  
99+
87  
31
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm  
18
Not Available  
Covalent Radius
189.00 pm  
19
260.00 pm  
1
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available  
348.00 pm  
1
Atomic Weight
167.26 amu  
99+
223.00 amu  
27
Atomic Volume
18.40 cm3/mol  
25
Not Available  
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Holmium
  
Polonium
  
Next Element
Thulium
  
Radium
  
Valence Electron Potential
49.00 (-eV)  
29
8.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
355.88 pm  
39
Not Available  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
NA  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
17
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.07 g/cm3  
99+
1.87 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.86 g/cm3  
23
Not Available  
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
20
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
28.30 GPa  
25
Not Available  
Bulk Modulus
44.40 GPa  
27
Not Available  
Young's Modulus
69.90 GPa  
29
Not Available  
Poisson Ratio
0.24  
28
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.07  
32
Not Available  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
0.86 nΩ·m  
99+
3.00 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.03 106/cm Ω  
40
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
Not Available  
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)  
34
Not Available  
Molar Heat Capacity
28.12 J/mol·K  
11
Not Available  
Thermal Conductivity
14.50 W/m·K  
99+
15.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
12.20 µm/(m·K)  
31
Not Available  
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
261.00 kJ/mol  
35
Not Available  
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.20 kJ/mol  
15
Not Available  
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol  
33
71.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
73.10 J/mol.K  
11
Not Available  
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