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Erbium vs Indium

Erbium
Indium
Indium vs Erbium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Er   
In   
Group Number
Not Available   
13   
5
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
f block   
p block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440520   
35
7440746   
17
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
I4/mmm   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
139.00   
8
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
  • Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
  
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
Sources
Mining   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander   
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter   
Discovery
In 1842   
In 1863   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
3 * 10-8 %   
28
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0000004 %   
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
36
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
32
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
36
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
  • Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
  
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Medical Research   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,522.00 °C   
28
156.61 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,510.00 °C   
99+
2,000.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Lustrous   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.20   
20
Brinell Hardness
814.00 MPa   
11
8.80 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
589.00 MPa   
19
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,830.00 m/s   
28
1,215.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Er   
In   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.24   
36
1.78   
16
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.14   
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.49   
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.76   
10
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.66   
18
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.76   
18
2.22   
38
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol   
99+
558.30 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,820.70 kJ/mol   
18
3rd Energy Level
2,194.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,704.00 kJ/mol   
39
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
5,210.00 kJ/mol   
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.08 g/amp-hr   
28
1.43 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.12 eV   
24
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
68   
99+
49   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f12 6s2   
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100   
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
68   
99+
49   
99+
Number of Neutrons
99   
33
66   
99+
Number of Electrons
68   
99+
49   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
167.00 pm   
24
Covalent Radius
189.00 pm   
19
142.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
193.00 pm   
31
Atomic Weight
167.26 amu   
99+
114.82 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
18.40 cm3/mol   
25
15.70 cm3/mol   
33
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Holmium
  
Cadmium
  
Next Element
Thulium
  
Tin
  
Valence Electron Potential
49.00 (-eV)   
29
54.00 (-eV)   
25
Lattice Constant
355.88 pm   
39
325.23 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
17
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.07 g/cm3   
99+
7.31 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.86 g/cm3   
23
7.02 g/cm3   
33
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
2.50 MPa   
21
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
20
0.01 (Pa)   
11
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
28.30 GPa   
25
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
44.40 GPa   
27
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
69.90 GPa   
29
11.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.24   
28
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.07   
32
7.31   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.86 nΩ·m   
99+
83.70 nΩ·m   
34
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.12 106/cm Ω   
17
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)   
34
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
Molar Heat Capacity
28.12 J/mol·K   
11
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
Thermal Conductivity
14.50 W/m·K   
99+
81.80 W/m·K   
21
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
12.20 µm/(m·K)   
31
32.10 µm/(m·K)   
9
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
261.00 kJ/mol   
35
226.40 kJ/mol   
40
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.20 kJ/mol   
15
3.28 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol   
33
242.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
73.10 J/mol.K   
11
57.80 J/mol.K   
22
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