Erbium vs Magnesium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Er
Mg
Group Number
Not Available
2
16
Period Number
6
3
Block
f block
s block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440520
35
7439954
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
- Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
Sources
Mining
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Joseph Black
Discovery
In 1842
In 1755
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
6 * 10-2 %
2
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.07 %
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
36
12.00 %
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
32
2.90 %
4
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
36
0.13 %
2
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.03 %
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
- Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
In Bone
Not Available
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,522.00 °C
28
650.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,510.00 °C
99+
1,107.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
Lustrous
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
814.00 MPa
11
260.00 MPa
36
Vickers Hardness
589.00 MPa
19
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,830.00 m/s
28
4,940.00 m/s
11
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
74.00 %
7
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Er
Mg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
31
8
15
24
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.24
36
1.31
31
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.32
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11
29
1.23
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.37
16
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.29
35
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.76
18
2.69
23
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol
99+
737.70 kJ/mol
24
2nd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,194.00 kJ/mol
99+
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
5th Energy Level
Not Available
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
6th Energy Level
Not Available
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
7th Energy level
Not Available
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
8th Energy Level
Not Available
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
9th Energy Level
Not Available
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
10th Energy Level
Not Available
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
11th Energy Level
Not Available
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
12th Energy Level
Not Available
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.08 g/amp-hr
28
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
3.66 eV
29
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
68
99+
12
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
[Ne] 3s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
68
99+
12
99+
Number of Neutrons
99
33
12
99+
Number of Electrons
68
99+
12
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm
18
160.00 pm
27
Covalent Radius
189.00 pm
19
141.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
173.00 pm
37
Atomic Weight
167.26 amu
99+
24.31 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
18.40 cm3/mol
25
13.97 cm3/mol
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
49.00 (-eV)
29
40.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
355.88 pm
39
320.94 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
17
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.07 g/cm3
99+
1.74 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.86 g/cm3
23
1.58 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
20
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
28.30 GPa
25
17.00 GPa
37
Bulk Modulus
44.40 GPa
27
45.00 GPa
25
Young's Modulus
69.90 GPa
29
45.00 GPa
39
Poisson Ratio
0.24
28
0.29
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.07
32
1.74
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.86 nΩ·m
99+
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)
34
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
Molar Heat Capacity
28.12 J/mol·K
11
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
14.50 W/m·K
99+
156.00 W/m·K
8
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
12.20 µm/(m·K)
31
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
261.00 kJ/mol
35
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.20 kJ/mol
15
8.95 kJ/mol
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol
33
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
73.10 J/mol.K
11
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
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