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Erbium vs Rutherfordium

Erbium
Rutherfordium
Rutherfordium vs Erbium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Er   
Rf   
Group Number
Not Available   
4   
14
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440520   
35
53850365   
13
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Not Available   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
Not Available   
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
  • Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
  
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
Sources
Mining   
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander   
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research   
Discovery
In 1842   
In 1964   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
36
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
32
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
36
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
  • Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
  
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic   
Unknown   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,522.00 °C   
28
2,100.00 °C   
11
Boiling Point
2,510.00 °C   
99+
5,500.00 °C   
3
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Unknown   
Luster
Lustrous   
Unknown Luster   
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
814.00 MPa   
11
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
589.00 MPa   
19
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,830.00 m/s   
28
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Er   
Rf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
13   
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.24   
36
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.76   
18
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol   
99+
579.90 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,389.40 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,194.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,296.40 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
3,077.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.08 g/amp-hr   
28
Not Available   
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
68   
99+
104   
14
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f12 6s2   
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
68   
99+
104   
14
Number of Neutrons
99   
33
157   
7
Number of Electrons
68   
99+
104   
14
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
150.00 pm   
33
Covalent Radius
189.00 pm   
19
157.00 pm   
31
Atomic Weight
167.26 amu   
99+
267.00 amu   
11
Atomic Volume
18.40 cm3/mol   
25
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Holmium
  
Lawrencium
  
Next Element
Thulium
  
Dubnium
  
Valence Electron Potential
49.00 (-eV)   
29
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
355.88 pm   
39
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
17
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.07 g/cm3   
99+
23.20 g/cm3   
8
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.86 g/cm3   
23
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
20
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
28.30 GPa   
25
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
44.40 GPa   
27
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
69.90 GPa   
29
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.24   
28
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable   
Unknown   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.07   
32
Not Available   
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Unknown   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
0.86 nΩ·m   
99+
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)   
34
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
28.12 J/mol·K   
11
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
14.50 W/m·K   
99+
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
12.20 µm/(m·K)   
31
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
261.00 kJ/mol   
35
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.20 kJ/mol   
15
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol   
33
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
73.10 J/mol.K   
11
Not Available   
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