Erbium vs Sodium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Er
Na
Group Number
Not Available
1
17
Period Number
6
3
Block
f block
s block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Alkali
CAS Number
7440520
35
7440235
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
- Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
- At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
- The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
Sources
Mining
By Electrolysis Process, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Humphry Davy
Discovery
In 1842
In 1807
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
2 * 10-3 %
6
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.004 %
6
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
36
0.55 %
6
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
32
2.30 %
5
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
36
1.10 %
1
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.14 %
3
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
- Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
- In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
- Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3
1
In Bone
Not Available
10,000.00 p.p.m.
2
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,522.00 °C
28
97.72 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,510.00 °C
99+
883.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
0.50
22
Brinell Hardness
814.00 MPa
11
0.69 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
589.00 MPa
19
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,830.00 m/s
28
3,200.00 m/s
24
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Er
Na
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
31
8
17
22
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.24
36
0.93
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.56
30
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11
29
1.01
35
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
0.91
21
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
0.87
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.76
18
3.07
6
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol
99+
495.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol
99+
4,562.00 kJ/mol
4
3rd Energy Level
2,194.00 kJ/mol
99+
6,910.30 kJ/mol
6
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
9,543.00 kJ/mol
5
5th Energy Level
Not Available
13,354.00 kJ/mol
4
6th Energy Level
Not Available
16,613.00 kJ/mol
4
7th Energy level
Not Available
20,117.00 kJ/mol
4
8th Energy Level
Not Available
25,496.00 kJ/mol
4
9th Energy Level
Not Available
28,932.00 kJ/mol
4
10th Energy Level
Not Available
141,362.00 kJ/mol
2
11th Energy Level
Not Available
159,076.00 kJ/mol
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.08 g/amp-hr
28
0.86 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
2.75 eV
40
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
68
99+
11
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
[Ne] 3s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
68
99+
11
99+
Number of Neutrons
99
33
12
99+
Number of Electrons
68
99+
11
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm
18
186.00 pm
9
Covalent Radius
189.00 pm
19
166.00 pm
27
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
227.00 pm
21
Atomic Weight
167.26 amu
99+
22.99 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
18.40 cm3/mol
25
23.70 cm3/mol
10
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
49.00 (-eV)
29
14.10 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
355.88 pm
39
429.06 pm
19
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
17
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.07 g/cm3
99+
0.97 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.86 g/cm3
23
0.93 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
20
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
28.30 GPa
25
3.30 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
44.40 GPa
27
6.30 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
69.90 GPa
29
10.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.24
28
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.07
32
0.97
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.86 nΩ·m
99+
47.70 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.21 106/cm Ω
9
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
52.80 kJ/mol
19
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)
34
1.23 J/(kg K)
3
Molar Heat Capacity
28.12 J/mol·K
11
28.23 J/mol·K
10
Thermal Conductivity
14.50 W/m·K
99+
142.00 W/m·K
11
Critical Temperature
Not Available
2,573.00 K
2
Thermal Expansion
12.20 µm/(m·K)
31
71.00 µm/(m·K)
4
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
261.00 kJ/mol
35
89.04 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.20 kJ/mol
15
2.59 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol
33
108.40 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
73.10 J/mol.K
11
51.30 J/mol.K
28
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