Group Number
Not Available
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
- Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By-product Zirconium Refining
Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy
Discovery
In 1896
In 1922
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
-
It is used in low energy light bulbs.
- It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
-
It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Ammunition Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Valence Electron Potential
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Density At Room Temperature
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available