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Europium vs Erbium

Europium
Erbium
Erbium vs Europium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu  
Er  
Group Number
3  
15
3  
15
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440531  
34
7440520  
35
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
Europium is used in Euro banknotes for security features.  
  • Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
  • Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay  
Carl Gustaf Mosander  
Discovery
In 1896  
In 1842  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
  
  • It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
  • Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Mildly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
822.00 °C  
99+
1,522.00 °C  
28
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C  
99+
2,510.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Lustrous  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.00  
17
1.00  
22
Brinell Hardness
167.00 MPa  
99+
814.00 MPa  
12
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa  
99+
589.00 MPa  
30
Speed of Sound
6,320.00 m/s  
4
2,830.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.83  
19
1.76  
24
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
36.00 %  
33
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Eu  
Er  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20  
40
1.24  
37
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01  
99+
1.24  
29
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.11  
30
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.20  
39
1.24  
36
Allen Electronegativity
1.20  
99+
1.24  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50  
27
2.76  
18
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,194.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,471.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,897.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,471.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,897.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,240.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
37
15th Energy Level
54,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
54,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
38
17th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5,897.00 kJ/mol  
19
22nd Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
580.70 kJ/mol  
99+
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
589.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr  
37
2.08 g/amp-hr  
32
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV  
99+
5.93 eV  
2
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
63  
99+
68  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2  
[Xe] 4f12 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
63  
99+
68  
99+
Number of Neutrons
89  
39
99  
34
Number of Electrons
63  
99+
68  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
176.00 pm  
20
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm  
13
189.00 pm  
19
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm  
22
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu  
99+
167.26 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol  
11
18.40 cm3/mol  
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Samarium
  
Holmium
  
Next Element
Gadolinium
  
Thulium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)  
36
49.00 (-eV)  
30
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm  
19
355.88 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
35
1.57  
40
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3  
99+
9.07 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3  
99+
8.86 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
350.00 MPa  
12
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)  
4
0.00 (Pa)  
21
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa  
99+
28.30 GPa  
31
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa  
99+
44.40 GPa  
31
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa  
99+
69.90 GPa  
31
Poisson Ratio
0.15  
35
0.24  
28
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.24  
99+
9.07  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
15
0.00  
11
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m  
99+
0.86 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)  
34
0.17 J/(kg K)  
35
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K  
19
28.12 J/mol·K  
14
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K  
99+
14.50 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,099.00 K  
99+
1,802.00 K  
30
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)  
8
12.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol  
99+
261.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol  
99+
17.20 kJ/mol  
15
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
314.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K  
4
73.10 J/mol.K  
11
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