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Europium vs Iron

Europium
Iron
Iron vs Europium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu  
Fe  
Group Number
3  
15
8  
10
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440531  
34
7439896  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
Europium is used in Euro banknotes for security features.  
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay  
-  
Discovery
In 1896  
Before 5000 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.11 %  
1
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
27
0.10 %  
1
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
22.00 %  
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
36
6.30 %  
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.01 %  
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
  
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
3
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
380.00 p.p.m.  
5
Physical
Melting Point
822.00 °C  
99+
1,535.00 °C  
25
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C  
99+
2,750.00 °C  
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.00  
17
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
167.00 MPa  
99+
200.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa  
99+
608.00 MPa  
27
Speed of Sound
6,320.00 m/s  
4
5,120.00 m/s  
12
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.83  
19
2.60  
4
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
Ferrite (alpha Iron)  
β Allotropes
-  
beta Iron  
γ Allotropes
-  
gamma Iron  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Eu  
Fe  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20  
40
1.83  
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01  
99+
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.64  
9
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.20  
39
1.83  
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.20  
99+
1.80  
15
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50  
27
2.17  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
17
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,561.90 kJ/mol  
37
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,957.00 kJ/mol  
29
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,290.00 kJ/mol  
25
5th Energy Level
5,471.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,240.00 kJ/mol  
25
6th Energy Level
5,471.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,560.00 kJ/mol  
20
7th Energy level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,060.00 kJ/mol  
15
8th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,580.00 kJ/mol  
14
9th Energy Level
5,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22,540.00 kJ/mol  
5
10th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25,290.00 kJ/mol  
8
11th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
12th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
31,920.00 kJ/mol  
31
13th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,830.00 kJ/mol  
9
14th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
37,840.00 kJ/mol  
11
15th Energy Level
54,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
44,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
54,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
47,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
122,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
18th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
131,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
19th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
140,500.00 kJ/mol  
3
20th Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
152,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
21st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
163,000.00 kJ/mol  
5
22nd Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
173,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
23rd Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
188,100.00 kJ/mol  
4
24th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
195,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
25th Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
26th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
15
27th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
14
28th Energy Level
580.70 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
29th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
30th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr  
37
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV  
99+
4.70 eV  
15
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
63  
99+
26  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2  
[Ar] 3d6 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
63  
99+
26  
99+
Number of Neutrons
89  
39
30  
99+
Number of Electrons
63  
99+
26  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
126.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm  
13
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm  
22
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu  
99+
55.85 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol  
11
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Samarium
  
Manganese
  
Next Element
Gadolinium
  
Cobalt
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)  
36
67.00 (-eV)  
20
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm  
19
286.65 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
35
1.35  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3  
99+
7.87 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3  
99+
6.98 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
11,000.00 MPa  
1
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
19
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)  
4
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
36.80 (Pa)  
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa  
99+
82.00 GPa  
11
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa  
99+
170.00 GPa  
10
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa  
99+
211.00 GPa  
9
Poisson Ratio
0.15  
35
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.24  
99+
7.20  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.01 H/m  
1
Susceptibility
0.00  
15
200,000.00  
1
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m  
99+
96.10 nΩ·m  
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω  
24
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
15.70 kJ/mol  
40
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)  
34
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K  
19
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K  
99+
80.40 W/m·K  
22
Critical Temperature
1,099.00 K  
99+
1,811.00 K  
29
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)  
8
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol  
99+
351.00 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol  
99+
14.90 kJ/mol  
23
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
414.20 kJ/mol  
24
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K  
4
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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