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Europium vs Lithium

Europium
Lithium
Lithium vs Europium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu  
Li  
Group Number
3  
15
1  
17
Period Number
6  
2  
Block
f block  
s block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440531  
34
7439932  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
Europium is used in Euro banknotes for security features.  
  • Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
  • Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay  
Johan August Arfwedson  
Discovery
In 1896  
In 1817  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
11
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
15
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
  
  • The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
  • it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
27
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
1.30 p.p.m.  
18
Physical
Melting Point
822.00 °C  
99+
180.54 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C  
99+
1,347.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Lustrous  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.00  
17
0.60  
23
Brinell Hardness
167.00 MPa  
99+
5.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa  
99+
5.30 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
6,320.00 m/s  
4
6,000.00 m/s  
6
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.83  
19
1.35  
99+
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
95.00 %  
2
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Eu  
Li  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
8  
30
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20  
40
0.98  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01  
99+
0.89  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
0.97  
39
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.20  
39
0.97  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.20  
99+
0.91  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50  
27
3.02  
8
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,298.10 kJ/mol  
3
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,815.00 kJ/mol  
4
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,471.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,471.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,202.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,202.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
54,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
54,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
580.70 kJ/mol  
99+
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr  
37
0.26 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV  
99+
2.90 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
63  
99+
3  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2  
[He] 2s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
63  
99+
3  
99+
Number of Neutrons
89  
39
4  
99+
Number of Electrons
63  
99+
3  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
152.00 pm  
33
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm  
13
128.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm  
22
182.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu  
99+
6.94 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol  
11
13.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Samarium
  
No Previous Element  
Next Element
Gadolinium
  
Beryllium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)  
36
19.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm  
19
351.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
35
1.62  
16
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3  
99+
0.53 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3  
99+
0.51 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
60.00 MPa  
35
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
10
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)  
4
109.00 (Pa)  
2
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa  
99+
4.20 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa  
99+
11.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa  
99+
4.90 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.15  
35
0.36  
8
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.24  
99+
0.53  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
11
Susceptibility
0.00  
15
0.00  
16
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m  
99+
92.80 nΩ·m  
33
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.11 106/cm Ω  
22
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
59.60 kJ/mol  
20
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)  
34
3.60 J/(kg K)  
1
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K  
19
24.86 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K  
99+
84.80 W/m·K  
20
Critical Temperature
1,099.00 K  
99+
3,223.00 K  
5
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)  
8
46.00 µm/(m·K)  
7
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol  
99+
134.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol  
99+
3.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
160.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K  
4
29.10 J/mol.K  
99+
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