Lithium vs Europium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Li
Eu
Group Number
1
17
Not Available
Period Number
2
6
Block
s block
f block
Element Family
Alkali
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7439932
99+
7440531
34
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
Not Available
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay
Discovery
In 1817
In 1896
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %
18
5 * 10-8 %
27
Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %
11
~0.00000005 %
27
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
22
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
15
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
16
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
- Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
- It is used in low energy light bulbs.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
27
Not Available
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.
17
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
180.54 °C
99+
822.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C
99+
1,597.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.60
21
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa
99+
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
167.00 MPa
34
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s
3
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Li
Eu
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
8
30
31
8
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98
99+
1.20
39
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89
26
1.01
22
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
Not Available
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97
19
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.91
99+
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02
8
Not Available
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol
99+
547.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol
3
1,085.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol
4
2,404.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr
99+
1.89 g/amp-hr
33
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV
37
2.50 eV
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
3
99+
63
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1
[Xe] 4f7 6s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
3
99+
63
99+
Number of Neutrons
4
99+
89
38
Number of Electrons
3
99+
63
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm
31
180.00 pm
14
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm
99+
198.00 pm
13
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm
35
233.00 pm
18
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu
99+
151.96 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol
39
28.90 cm3/mol
8
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)
99+
45.60 (-eV)
35
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm
99+
458.10 pm
17
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3
99+
5.26 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3
99+
5.13 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
120.00 MPa
15
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)
2
19.40 (Pa)
4
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa
99+
7.90 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa
99+
8.30 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa
99+
18.20 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.15
34
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.53
99+
5.24
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m
33
0.90 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
19
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol
16
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)
1
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K
99+
27.66 J/mol·K
16
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K
20
13.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K
1
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)
7
35.00 µm/(m·K)
8
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol
99+
143.50 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol
99+
9.21 kJ/mol
37
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol
99+
180.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K
99+
77.80 J/mol.K
4
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