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Europium vs Radium

Europium
Radium
Radium vs Europium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu  
Ra  
Group Number
3  
15
2  
16
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
f block  
s block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440531  
34
7440144  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
Europium is used in Euro banknotes for security features.  
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay  
-  
Discovery
In 1896  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
23
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
  
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
34
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
822.00 °C  
99+
700.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C  
99+
1,737.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.00  
17
1.00  
22
Brinell Hardness
167.00 MPa  
99+
700.00 MPa  
17
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa  
99+
140.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
6,320.00 m/s  
4
3,150.00 m/s  
37
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.83  
19
1.00  
99+
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
83.00 %  
6
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Eu  
Ra  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20  
40
0.90  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01  
99+
0.89  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
0.97  
39
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.20  
39
0.92  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.20  
99+
0.89  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50  
27
3.10  
5
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol  
99+
979.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,093.00 kJ/mol  
27
5th Energy Level
5,471.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,471.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
54,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
54,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
580.70 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr  
37
4.22 g/amp-hr  
6
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV  
99+
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
63  
99+
88  
30
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2  
[Rn] 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
63  
99+
88  
30
Number of Neutrons
89  
39
138  
17
Number of Electrons
63  
99+
88  
30
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
215.00 pm  
6
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm  
13
221.00 pm  
3
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm  
22
283.00 pm  
5
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu  
99+
226.00 amu  
26
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol  
11
45.20 cm3/mol  
5
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Samarium
  
Francium
  
Next Element
Gadolinium
  
Actinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)  
36
20.10 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm  
19
514.80 pm  
15
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
35
1.57  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3  
99+
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3  
99+
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
40.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
2
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)  
4
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
33
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa  
99+
25.00 GPa  
38
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa  
99+
43.00 GPa  
33
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa  
99+
83.00 GPa  
25
Poisson Ratio
0.15  
35
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.24  
99+
5.00  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Nonmagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
15
0.00  
18
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m  
99+
100.00 nΩ·m  
31
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
0.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)  
34
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K  
19
20.05 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K  
99+
18.60 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,099.00 K  
99+
973.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)  
8
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol  
99+
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol  
99+
8.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
163.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K  
4
71.00 J/mol.K  
14
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