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Europium vs Palladium

Europium
Palladium
Palladium vs Europium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu   
Pd   
Group Number
Not Available   
10   
8
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440531   
34
7440053   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available   
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay   
William Hyde Wollaston   
Discovery
In 1896   
In 1803   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %   
27
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000005 %   
27
~0.0000003 %   
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
36
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
822.00 °C   
99+
1,554.90 °C   
22
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C   
99+
2,963.00 °C   
33
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
4.75   
9
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
320.00 MPa   
33
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa   
34
121.00 MPa   
36
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,070.00 m/s   
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.72   
1
Reflectivity
Not Available   
84.00 %   
4
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Eu   
Pd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
38   
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20   
39
2.20   
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01   
22
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.35   
21
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.59   
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
1.80   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol   
99+
520.23 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol   
99+
7,298.22 kJ/mol   
2
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol   
99+
11,815.13 kJ/mol   
3
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr   
33
1.99 g/amp-hr   
30
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV   
99+
5.12 eV   
3
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
63   
99+
46   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2   
[Kr] 4d10   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
63   
99+
46   
99+
Number of Neutrons
89   
38
60   
99+
Number of Electrons
63   
99+
46   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
137.00 pm   
40
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm   
13
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm   
18
163.00 pm   
40
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu   
99+
106.42 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol   
8
8.90 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Samarium
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Gadolinium
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)   
35
33.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm   
17
389.07 pm   
25
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3   
99+
12.02 g/cm3   
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3   
99+
10.38 g/cm3   
17
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)   
4
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa   
99+
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa   
99+
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa   
99+
121.00 GPa   
16
Poisson Ratio
0.15   
34
0.39   
5
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.24   
99+
12.02   
21
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m   
99+
105.40 nΩ·m   
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω   
22
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
54.23 kJ/mol   
17
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.24 J/(kg K)   
23
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K   
16
25.98 J/mol·K   
33
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K   
99+
71.80 W/m·K   
23
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)   
8
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol   
99+
376.60 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol   
37
16.74 kJ/mol   
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
393.30 kJ/mol   
22
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K   
4
37.60 J/mol.K   
40
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