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Europium vs Potassium

Europium
Potassium
Potassium vs Europium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu  
K  
Group Number
3  
15
1  
17
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
f block  
s block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440531  
34
7440097  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
Europium is used in Euro banknotes for security features.  
  • In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
  • Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay  
Humphry Davy  
Discovery
In 1896  
In 1807  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.07 %  
9
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
36
1.50 %  
6
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.04 %  
3
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.20 %  
3
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
  
  • Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
  • Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
2
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
2,100.00 p.p.m.  
3
Physical
Melting Point
822.00 °C  
99+
63.65 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C  
99+
774.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery Gray  
Luster
Lustrous  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.00  
17
0.40  
25
Brinell Hardness
167.00 MPa  
99+
0.36 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa  
99+
100.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
6,320.00 m/s  
4
2,000.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.83  
19
1.33  
99+
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
72.00 %  
11
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Eu  
K  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
20  
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20  
40
0.82  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01  
99+
0.45  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
0.91  
40
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.20  
39
0.73  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.20  
99+
0.73  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50  
27
3.18  
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
418.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,052.00 kJ/mol  
5
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,420.00 kJ/mol  
8
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,877.00 kJ/mol  
18
5th Energy Level
5,471.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,975.00 kJ/mol  
14
6th Energy Level
5,471.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,590.00 kJ/mol  
19
7th Energy level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,343.00 kJ/mol  
17
8th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,944.00 kJ/mol  
13
9th Energy Level
5,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16,963.70 kJ/mol  
15
10th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
48,610.00 kJ/mol  
3
11th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
54,490.00 kJ/mol  
4
12th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
60,730.00 kJ/mol  
15
13th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
68,950.00 kJ/mol  
4
14th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
75,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
15th Energy Level
54,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
83,080.00 kJ/mol  
13
16th Energy Level
54,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
93,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
17th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
99,710.00 kJ/mol  
8
18th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,196.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
419.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
419.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
580.70 kJ/mol  
99+
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol  
99+
419.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr  
37
1.46 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV  
99+
2.30 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
63  
99+
19  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2  
[Ar] 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
63  
99+
19  
99+
Number of Neutrons
89  
39
20  
99+
Number of Electrons
63  
99+
19  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
227.00 pm  
4
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm  
13
203.00 pm  
9
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm  
22
275.00 pm  
7
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu  
99+
39.10 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol  
11
45.46 cm3/mol  
4
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Samarium
  
Aluminium
  
Next Element
Gadolinium
  
Calcium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)  
36
10.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm  
19
532.80 pm  
13
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
35
1.69  
10
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3  
99+
0.86 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3  
99+
0.83 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
16.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
9
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)  
4
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
34
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa  
99+
1.30 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa  
99+
3.10 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa  
99+
3.53 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.15  
35
0.35  
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.24  
99+
0.86  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
13
Susceptibility
0.00  
15
0.00  
23
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m  
99+
72.00 nΩ·m  
37
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω  
16
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
48.40 kJ/mol  
27
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)  
34
0.75 J/(kg K)  
6
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K  
19
29.60 J/mol·K  
8
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K  
99+
102.50 W/m·K  
15
Critical Temperature
1,099.00 K  
99+
2,223.00 K  
14
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)  
8
83.30 µm/(m·K)  
3
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol  
99+
77.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol  
99+
2.32 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
89.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K  
4
64.70 J/mol.K  
19
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