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Europium vs Rubidium

Europium
Rubidium
Rubidium vs Europium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu   
Rb   
Group Number
Not Available   
1   
17
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
f block   
s block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Alkali   
CAS Number
7440531   
34
7440177   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available   
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Obtained from Lithium Production.   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay   
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
Discovery
In 1896   
In 1861   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %   
27
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000005 %   
27
~0.000003 %   
17
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
36
0.01 %   
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
7
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3   
7
In Bone
Not Available   
5.00 p.p.m.   
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
822.00 °C   
99+
38.89 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C   
99+
688.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Grayish White   
Luster
Lustrous   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
0.30   
24
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
0.22 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa   
34
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
1,300.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Eu   
Rb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20   
39
0.82   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01   
22
0.31   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.89   
40
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.69   
24
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.71   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
3.18   
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol   
99+
403.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,633.00 kJ/mol   
6
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,860.00 kJ/mol   
11
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
5,080.00 kJ/mol   
18
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,850.00 kJ/mol   
19
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,140.00 kJ/mol   
20
7th Energy level
Not Available   
9,570.00 kJ/mol   
20
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,120.00 kJ/mol   
17
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,500.00 kJ/mol   
18
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,740.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr   
33
3.19 g/amp-hr   
14
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV   
99+
2.16 eV   
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
63   
99+
37   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2   
[Kr] 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
63   
99+
37   
99+
Number of Neutrons
89   
38
48   
99+
Number of Electrons
63   
99+
37   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
248.00 pm   
2
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm   
13
220.00 pm   
4
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm   
18
303.00 pm   
3
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu   
99+
85.47 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol   
8
55.90 cm3/mol   
2
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Samarium
  
Gallium
  
Next Element
Gadolinium
  
Strontium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)   
35
9.47 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm   
17
558.50 pm   
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3   
99+
1.53 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3   
99+
1.46 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)   
4
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa   
99+
2.50 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa   
99+
2.40 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.15   
34
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.24   
99+
1.53   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m   
99+
128.00 nΩ·m   
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω   
24
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
46.90 kJ/mol   
24
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.36 J/(kg K)   
17
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K   
16
31.06 J/mol·K   
5
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K   
99+
58.20 W/m·K   
26
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
2,093.00 K   
4
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)   
8
90.00 µm/(m·K)   
2
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol   
99+
69.20 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol   
37
2.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
82.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K   
4
76.80 J/mol.K   
5
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