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Francium Magnesium Comparison

Francium
Magnesium
Magnesium Francium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fr  
Mg  
Group Number
1  
17
2  
16
Period Number
7  
3  
Block
s block  
s block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440735  
18
7439954  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • 223 Francium has the longest half life at 21.8.
  • Francium metal is produced by alpha decay in 227Actinium 227.
  
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
Sources
Formed by Decay Process, Mining  
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Marguerite Perey  
Joseph Black  
Discovery
In 1939  
In 1755  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.06 %  
3
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.07 %  
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
12.00 %  
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
2.90 %  
4
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.13 %  
2
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.03 %  
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Francium has no known uses as it has a half life of only 22 minutes.
  
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3  
5
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
1,800.00 p.p.m.  
4
Physical
Melting Point
27.00 °C  
99+
650.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
677.00 °C  
99+
1,107.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Gray  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.20  
27
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
119.00 MPa  
99+
260.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
300.00 MPa  
99+
260.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,440.00 m/s  
99+
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.70  
27
1.49  
37
Reflectivity
72.00 %  
11
74.00 %  
9
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Fr  
Mg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
15  
24
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.70  
99+
1.31  
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.70  
99+
1.32  
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86  
99+
1.23  
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.68  
99+
1.37  
30
Allen Electronegativity
0.67  
99+
1.29  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.30  
1
2.69  
23
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
24
2nd Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,450.70 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
7,732.70 kJ/mol  
5
4th Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
10,542.50 kJ/mol  
4
5th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13,630.00 kJ/mol  
3
6th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18,020.00 kJ/mol  
3
7th Energy level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21,711.00 kJ/mol  
3
8th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25,661.00 kJ/mol  
3
9th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
31,653.00 kJ/mol  
3
10th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
35,458.00 kJ/mol  
5
11th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
169,988.00 kJ/mol  
1
12th Energy Level
38,000.00 kJ/mol  
23
189,368.00 kJ/mol  
1
13th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
24
14th Energy Level
380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
67,700.00 kJ/mol  
32
73,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
16th Energy Level
39,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
73,770.00 kJ/mol  
16
17th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
37
18th Energy Level
3,920.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
27
19th Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
34
20th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.00 kJ/mol  
28
21st Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
738.00 kJ/mol  
22
23rd Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
25th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
26th Energy Level
392.80 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
27th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
19
28th Energy Level
380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
25
29th Energy Level
392.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
26
30th Energy Level
677.00 kJ/mol  
31
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
8.32 g/amp-hr  
1
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.07 eV  
33
3.66 eV  
40
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
87  
31
12  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s1  
[Ne] 3s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
87  
31
12  
99+
Number of Neutrons
136  
18
12  
99+
Number of Electrons
87  
31
12  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
348.00 pm  
1
160.00 pm  
29
Covalent Radius
260.00 pm  
1
141.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
348.00 pm  
1
173.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
223.00 amu  
27
24.31 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
71.00 cm3/mol  
2
13.97 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Polonium
  
Sodium
  
Next Element
Radium
  
Aluminium
  
Valence Electron Potential
8.00 (-eV)  
99+
40.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
440.00 pm  
21
320.94 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.62  
15
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.87 g/cm3  
99+
1.74 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.87 g/cm3  
99+
1.58 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
150.00 MPa  
25
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
24
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
3.60 GPa  
99+
17.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
6.00 GPa  
99+
45.00 GPa  
29
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
45.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.87  
99+
1.74  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
33
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
3.00 nΩ·m  
99+
43.90 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.23 106/cm Ω  
7
Electron Affinity
0.70 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)  
37
1.02 J/(kg K)  
4
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
24.87 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
15.00 W/m·K  
99+
156.00 W/m·K  
8
Critical Temperature
300.00 K  
99+
923.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
24.80 µm/(m·K)  
15
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
67.00 kJ/mol  
99+
128.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.30 kJ/mol  
99+
8.95 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
71.00 kJ/mol  
99+
148.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
42.00 J/mol.K  
99+
32.70 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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