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Magnesium vs Strontium

Magnesium
Strontium
Strontium vs Magnesium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg   
Sr   
Group Number
2   
16
2   
16
Period Number
3   
5   
Block
s block   
s block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Alkaline Earth   
CAS Number
7439954   
99+
7440246   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
  • Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
  • Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joseph Black   
William Cruickshank   
Discovery
In 1755   
In 1787   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %   
2
4 * 10-6 %   
14
Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %   
2
~0.000005 %   
15
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %   
2
0.00 %   
15
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %   
4
0.04 %   
10
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %   
2
0.00 %   
4
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %   
4
0.00 %   
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
  • Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
  • By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3   
5
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3   
19
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.   
4
140.00 p.p.m.   
7
Physical Properties
Melting Point
650.00 °C   
99+
769.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C   
99+
1,384.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa   
36
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
74.00 %   
7
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mg   
Sr   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
15   
24
27   
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31   
31
0.95   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32   
18
0.72   
27
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
0.99   
37
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37   
16
1.00   
18
Allen Electronegativity
1.29   
35
0.96   
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69   
23
3.05   
7
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol   
24
549.50 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol   
99+
1,064.20 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol   
5
4,138.00 kJ/mol   
10
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol   
4
5,500.00 kJ/mol   
13
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol   
3
6,910.00 kJ/mol   
18
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol   
3
8,760.00 kJ/mol   
18
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol   
3
10,230.00 kJ/mol   
19
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol   
3
11,800.00 kJ/mol   
19
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol   
3
15,600.00 kJ/mol   
17
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol   
5
17,100.00 kJ/mol   
19
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol   
1
31,270.00 kJ/mol   
6
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.64 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV   
29
2.59 eV   
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
12   
99+
38   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2   
[Kr] 5s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
12   
99+
38   
99+
Number of Neutrons
12   
99+
50   
99+
Number of Electrons
12   
99+
38   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm   
27
215.00 pm   
5
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm   
99+
195.00 pm   
15
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm   
37
249.00 pm   
7
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu   
99+
87.62 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol   
37
33.70 cm3/mol   
6
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Sodium
  
Rubidium
  
Next Element
Aluminium
  
Yttrium
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)   
99+
25.70 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm   
99+
608.49 pm   
6
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3   
99+
2.64 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3   
99+
2.38 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
121.00 (Pa)   
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa   
37
6.03 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa   
25
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa   
39
15.70 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.29   
15
0.28   
17
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.74   
99+
2.64   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
NA   
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m   
99+
132.00 nΩ·m   
24
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω   
7
0.08 106/cm Ω   
26
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
5.03 kJ/mol   
38
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)   
4
0.30 J/(kg K)   
18
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K   
99+
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K   
8
35.40 W/m·K   
37
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)   
15
22.50 µm/(m·K)   
18
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol   
99+
150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol   
39
9.16 kJ/mol   
38
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol   
99+
163.20 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K   
99+
55.00 J/mol.K   
26
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