Strontium vs Calcium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sr
Ca
Group Number
2
16
2
16
Period Number
5
4
Block
s block
s block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440246
99+
7440702
21
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
- Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
William Cruickshank
Humphry Davy
Discovery
In 1787
In 1808
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-6 %
14
7 * 10-3 %
3
Abundance In Sun
~0.000005 %
15
~0.007 %
4
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
15
1.10 %
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.04 %
10
5.00 %
3
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
4
0.00 %
5
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
7
1.40 %
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
- By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3
19
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3
4
In Bone
140.00 p.p.m.
7
170,000.00 p.p.m.
1
Physical Properties
Melting Point
769.00 °C
99+
839.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,384.00 °C
99+
1,484.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
1.75
17
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
170.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available
3,810.00 m/s
19
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sr
Ca
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
27
12
19
20
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.95
99+
1.00
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.72
27
0.95
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.99
37
1.04
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.00
18
1.08
17
Allen Electronegativity
0.96
40
1.03
39
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.05
7
3.00
9
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol
99+
589.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,064.20 kJ/mol
99+
1,145.40 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
4,138.00 kJ/mol
10
4,912.40 kJ/mol
7
4th Energy Level
5,500.00 kJ/mol
13
6,491.00 kJ/mol
7
5th Energy Level
6,910.00 kJ/mol
18
8,153.00 kJ/mol
7
6th Energy Level
8,760.00 kJ/mol
18
10,496.00 kJ/mol
8
7th Energy level
10,230.00 kJ/mol
19
12,270.00 kJ/mol
12
8th Energy Level
11,800.00 kJ/mol
19
14,206.00 kJ/mol
15
9th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol
17
18,191.00 kJ/mol
12
10th Energy Level
17,100.00 kJ/mol
19
20,385.00 kJ/mol
16
11th Energy Level
31,270.00 kJ/mol
6
57,110.00 kJ/mol
3
12th Energy Level
Not Available
63,410.00 kJ/mol
3
13th Energy Level
Not Available
70,110.00 kJ/mol
3
14th Energy Level
Not Available
78,890.00 kJ/mol
4
15th Energy Level
Not Available
86,310.00 kJ/mol
5
16th Energy Level
Not Available
94,000.00 kJ/mol
6
17th Energy Level
Not Available
104,900.00 kJ/mol
7
18th Energy Level
Not Available
111,711.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.64 g/amp-hr
99+
0.75 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.59 eV
99+
2.87 eV
38
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
38
99+
20
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s2
[Ar] 4s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
38
99+
20
99+
Number of Neutrons
50
99+
20
99+
Number of Electrons
38
99+
20
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm
5
197.00 pm
6
Covalent Radius
195.00 pm
15
176.00 pm
22
Van der Waals Radius
249.00 pm
7
231.00 pm
19
Atomic Weight
87.62 amu
99+
40.08 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
33.70 cm3/mol
6
29.90 cm3/mol
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
25.70 (-eV)
99+
29.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
608.49 pm
6
558.84 pm
9
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
2.64 g/cm3
99+
1.55 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3
99+
1.38 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
121.00 (Pa)
1
25.50 (Pa)
3
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
6.03 GPa
99+
7.40 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
17.00 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
15.70 GPa
99+
20.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28
17
0.31
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
2.64
99+
4.58
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
NA
Conductor
Resistivity
132.00 nΩ·m
24
33.60 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω
26
0.30 106/cm Ω
6
Electron Affinity
5.03 kJ/mol
38
2.37 kJ/mol
39
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)
18
0.63 J/(kg K)
7
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K
28
25.93 J/mol·K
34
Thermal Conductivity
35.40 W/m·K
37
201.00 W/m·K
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
22.50 µm/(m·K)
18
22.30 µm/(m·K)
19
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol
99+
150.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.16 kJ/mol
38
8.54 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.20 kJ/mol
99+
184.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K
26
41.60 J/mol.K
36
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