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Strontium vs Rubidium

Strontium
Rubidium
Rubidium vs Strontium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sr  
Rb  
Group Number
2  
16
1  
17
Period Number
5  
5  
Block
s block  
s block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440246  
99+
7440177  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
2
229.00  
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
  • Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
  
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Obtained from Lithium Production.  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Cruickshank  
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff  
Discovery
In 1787  
In 1861  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-6 %  
14
1 * 10-6 %  
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.000005 %  
15
~0.000003 %  
17
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.04 %  
10
0.01 %  
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
4
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
7
0.00 %  
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
  • By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
NA  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3  
19
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3  
7
In Bone
140.00 p.p.m.  
7
5.00 p.p.m.  
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
769.00 °C  
99+
38.89 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,384.00 °C  
99+
688.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Grayish White  
Luster
Metallic  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
18
0.30  
24
Brinell Hardness
Not Available  
0.22 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available  
1,300.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sr  
Rb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27  
12
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.95  
99+
0.82  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.72  
27
0.31  
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.99  
37
0.89  
40
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.00  
18
0.69  
24
Allen Electronegativity
0.96  
40
0.71  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.05  
7
3.18  
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,064.20 kJ/mol  
99+
2,633.00 kJ/mol  
6
3rd Energy Level
4,138.00 kJ/mol  
10
3,860.00 kJ/mol  
11
4th Energy Level
5,500.00 kJ/mol  
13
5,080.00 kJ/mol  
18
5th Energy Level
6,910.00 kJ/mol  
18
6,850.00 kJ/mol  
19
6th Energy Level
8,760.00 kJ/mol  
18
8,140.00 kJ/mol  
20
7th Energy level
10,230.00 kJ/mol  
19
9,570.00 kJ/mol  
20
8th Energy Level
11,800.00 kJ/mol  
19
13,120.00 kJ/mol  
17
9th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
17
14,500.00 kJ/mol  
18
10th Energy Level
17,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
26,740.00 kJ/mol  
6
11th Energy Level
31,270.00 kJ/mol  
6
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.64 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.19 g/amp-hr  
14
Electron Work Function
2.59 eV  
99+
2.16 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
38  
99+
37  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s2  
[Kr] 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
38  
99+
37  
99+
Number of Neutrons
50  
99+
48  
99+
Number of Electrons
38  
99+
37  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm  
5
248.00 pm  
2
Covalent Radius
195.00 pm  
15
220.00 pm  
4
Van der Waals Radius
249.00 pm  
7
303.00 pm  
3
Atomic Weight
87.62 amu  
99+
85.47 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
33.70 cm3/mol  
6
55.90 cm3/mol  
2
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rubidium
  
Gallium
  
Next Element
Yttrium
  
Strontium
  
Valence Electron Potential
25.70 (-eV)  
99+
9.47 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
608.49 pm  
6
558.50 pm  
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.64 g/cm3  
99+
1.53 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3  
99+
1.46 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
121.00 (Pa)  
1
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
6.03 GPa  
99+
Not Available  
Bulk Modulus
Not Available  
2.50 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
15.70 GPa  
99+
2.40 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
Ductile  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.64  
99+
1.53  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA  
Conductor  
Resistivity
132.00 nΩ·m  
24
128.00 nΩ·m  
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
26
0.08 106/cm Ω  
24
Electron Affinity
5.03 kJ/mol  
38
46.90 kJ/mol  
24
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)  
18
0.36 J/(kg K)  
17
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K  
28
31.06 J/mol·K  
5
Thermal Conductivity
35.40 W/m·K  
37
58.20 W/m·K  
26
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
2,093.00 K  
4
Thermal Expansion
22.50 µm/(m·K)  
18
90.00 µm/(m·K)  
2
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
69.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.16 kJ/mol  
38
2.19 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.20 kJ/mol  
99+
82.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K  
26
76.80 J/mol.K  
5
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