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Francium
Francium

Ruthenium
Ruthenium



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Francium
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Francium vs Ruthenium

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Fr
Ru
1.2 Group Number
18
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
75
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
s block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Alkali
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74407357440188
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
Not Available
P63/mmc
1.8 Space Group Number
NA194.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • 223 Francium has the longest half life at 21.8.
  • Francium metal is produced by alpha decay in 227Actinium 227.
  • Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
  • Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
2.2 Sources
Formed by Decay Process, Mining
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Marguerite Perey
Karl Ernst Claus
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1939
In 1844
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
NA4 * 10-7 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000005 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
NA0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
NA0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
NA0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Francium has no known uses as it has a half life of only 22 minutes.
  • It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
  • Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Medical Research
3.1.3 Other Uses
NA
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
NA
Low Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.NA
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
27.00 °C2,250.00 °C
Tin
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
677.00 °C3,900.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
NA
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
NA
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
NA6.50
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
NA2,160.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
NA5,970.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Fr
Ru
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
3326
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
0.702.20
Sodium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.861.42
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.68NA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
0.671.54
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
3.301.80
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
380.00 kJ/mol710.20 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
NA710.22 kJ/mol
Palladium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
NA2,747.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
NANA
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
8.32 g/amp-hr1.26 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
NA4.71 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
8744
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s1
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
6.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
8744
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
13657
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
8744
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
NA134.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
260.00 pm146.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
348.00 pm200.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
223.00 amu101.07 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
NA8.30 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
8.00 (-eV)64.00 (-eV)
Palladium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
NA270.59 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NA1.58
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.87 g/cm312.45 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
NA10.65 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA0.00 (Pa)
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
NA173.00 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
NA220.00 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
NA447.00 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
NA0.30
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
NA12.45
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
3.00 nΩ·m71.00 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω0.14 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
NA101.30 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
NA0.24 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA24.06 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
15.00 W/m·K117.00 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
NA6.40 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA567.80 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
NA25.50 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
71.00 kJ/mol603.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
NA28.50 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1