1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74407357440188
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- 223 Francium has the longest half life at 21.8.
- Francium metal is produced by alpha decay in 227Actinium 227.
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
2.2 Sources
Formed by Decay Process, Mining
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Marguerite Perey
Karl Ernst Claus
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000005 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Francium has no known uses as it has a half life of only 22 minutes.
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
27.00 °C2,250.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
677.00 °C3,900.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
380.00 kJ/mol710.20 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
NA710.22 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
NA2,747.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
5.5.7 7th Energy level
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
8.32 g/amp-hr1.26 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
1.2 Electron Configuration
1.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
1.3.1 Crystal Lattice
1.4 Atom
1.4.1 Number of Protons
1.4.3 Number of Neutrons
1.7.2 Number of Electrons
1.9 Radius of an Atom
1.9.1 Atomic Radius
1.9.3 Covalent Radius
260.00 pm146.00 pm
96
260
1.9.5 Van der Waals Radius
348.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
1.10 Atomic Weight
223.00 amu101.07 amu
6.94
294
1.13 Atomic Volume
NA8.30 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
1.14 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
1.14.1 Previous Element
1.14.2 Next Element
1.15 Valence Electron Potential
8.00 (-eV)64.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
1.16 Lattice Constant
NA270.59 pm
228.58
891.25
1.17 Lattice Angles
1.18 Lattice C/A Ratio
2 Mechanical
2.1 Density
2.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.87 g/cm312.45 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
2.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.2 Tensile Strength
2.3 Viscosity
2.4 Vapor Pressure
2.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
2.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.5 Elasticity properties
2.5.1 Shear Modulus
2.5.2 Bulk Modulus
2.5.3 Young's Modulus
2.6 Poisson Ratio
2.7 Other Mechanical Properties
3 Magnetic
3.1 Magnetic Characteristics
3.1.1 Specific Gravity
3.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
3.1.3 Permeability
3.1.4 Susceptibility
3.2 Electrical Properties
3.2.1 Electrical Property
3.2.2 Resistivity
3.00 nΩ·m71.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
3.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω0.14 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
3.2.4 Electron Affinity
4 Thermal
4.1 Specific Heat
4.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA24.06 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
4.3 Thermal Conductivity
15.00 W/m·K117.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
4.4 Critical Temperature
4.5 Thermal Expansion
4.6 Enthalpy
4.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA567.80 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
4.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
4.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
71.00 kJ/mol603.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
4.7 Standard Molar Entropy
NA28.50 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1