1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.8 Block
1.9 Element Family
1.10 CAS Number
74407357440188
7429905
54386242
1.13 Space Group Name
1.14 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- 223 Francium has the longest half life at 21.8.
- Francium metal is produced by alpha decay in 227Actinium 227.
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
3.2 Sources
Formed by Decay Process, Mining
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Marguerite Perey
Karl Ernst Claus
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000005 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.8 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.10 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Francium has no known uses as it has a half life of only 22 minutes.
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
5.2.4 In Bone
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
27.00 °C2,250.00 °C
27
3410
7.2 Boiling Point
677.00 °C3,900.00 °C
147
5660
7.4 Appearance
7.4.1 Physical State
7.4.2 Color
7.4.3 Luster
7.5 Hardness
7.5.1 Mohs Hardness
7.7.2 Brinell Hardness
7.7.4 Vickers Hardness
7.8 Speed of Sound
7.9 Optical Properties
7.9.1 Refractive Index
7.10.1 Reflectivity
7.11 Allotropes
7.11.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.11.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.11.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.4 Electronegativity
8.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.2.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.3.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
9.4 Electropositivity
9.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.5 Ionization Energies
9.5.1 1st Energy Level
380.00 kJ/mol710.20 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.5.3 2nd Energy Level
NA710.22 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.5.4 3rd Energy Level
NA2,747.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.6.2 4th Energy Level
9.7.2 5th Energy Level
9.7.4 6th Energy Level
9.7.6 7th Energy level
9.7.8 8th Energy Level
9.7.9 9th Energy Level
9.7.11 10th Energy Level
9.7.13 11th Energy Level
9.7.16 12th Energy Level
9.7.18 13th Energy Level
9.7.20 14th Energy Level
9.7.22 15th Energy Level
9.7.24 16th Energy Level
9.7.25 17th Energy Level
9.7.27 18th Energy Level
9.7.29 19th Energy Level
9.7.31 20th Energy Level
9.7.33 21st Energy Level
9.7.35 22nd Energy Level
9.7.36 23rd Energy Level
9.7.38 24th Energy Level
9.7.40 25th Energy Level
9.7.41 26th Energy Level
9.7.43 27th Energy Level
9.7.45 28th Energy Level
9.7.47 29th Energy Level
9.7.49 30th Energy Level
9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
8.32 g/amp-hr1.26 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.9 Electron Work Function
9.10 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
10.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.4.3 Number of Neutrons
10.5.1 Number of Electrons
10.7 Radius of an Atom
10.7.1 Atomic Radius
11.1.1 Covalent Radius
260.00 pm146.00 pm
96
260
11.1.2 Van der Waals Radius
348.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
11.5 Atomic Weight
223.00 amu101.07 amu
6.94
294
11.6 Atomic Volume
NA8.30 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
11.7 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.7.1 Previous Element
11.7.2 Next Element
11.8 Valence Electron Potential
8.00 (-eV)64.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.9 Lattice Constant
NA270.59 pm
228.58
891.25
11.11 Lattice Angles
11.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.87 g/cm312.45 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.3 Tensile Strength
12.5 Viscosity
12.8 Vapor Pressure
12.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.8.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.10 Elasticity properties
12.10.1 Shear Modulus
13.1.2 Bulk Modulus
13.1.4 Young's Modulus
13.3 Poisson Ratio
13.5 Other Mechanical Properties
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
14.2.3 Permeability
14.2.5 Susceptibility
14.4 Electrical Properties
14.4.1 Electrical Property
14.4.2 Resistivity
3.00 nΩ·m71.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
14.4.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω0.14 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
14.4.5 Electron Affinity
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
15.3 Molar Heat Capacity
NA24.06 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
16.2 Thermal Conductivity
15.00 W/m·K117.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
16.3 Critical Temperature
16.5 Thermal Expansion
16.6 Enthalpy
16.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA567.80 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
16.6.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
16.6.5 Enthalpy of Atomization
71.00 kJ/mol603.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
17.2 Standard Molar Entropy
NA28.50 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1