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Gadolinium Strontium Comparison


Strontium Gadolinium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Gd   
Sr   

Group Number
0   
18
2   
16

Period Number
6   
5   

Block
f block   
s block   

Element Family
Lanthanide   
Alkaline Earth   

CAS Number
7440542   
33
7440246   
99+

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
  • Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
  • Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac   
William Cruickshank   

Discovery
In 1880   
In 1787   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
4 * 10-6 %   
14

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.000005 %   
15

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
34
0.00 %   
15

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
30
0.04 %   
10

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
38
0.00 %   
4

Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
7

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
  • Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  • Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
  • By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   

In Blood
Not Available   
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3   
19

In Bone
Not Available   
140.00 p.p.m.   
7

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,311.00 °C   
35
769.00 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
3,233.00 °C   
25
1,384.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.50   
18

Vickers Hardness
510.00 MPa   
22
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s   
34
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Gd   
Sr   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
26   
13
27   
12

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.20   
39
0.95   
99+

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.72   
27

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
0.99   
37

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.00   
18

Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.96   
40

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.80   
15
3.05   
7

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol   
99+
549.50 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,064.20 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
1,990.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,138.00 kJ/mol   
10

4th Energy Level
4,250.00 kJ/mol   
30
5,500.00 kJ/mol   
13

5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,910.00 kJ/mol   
18

6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,760.00 kJ/mol   
18

7th Energy level
Not Available   
10,230.00 kJ/mol   
19

8th Energy Level
Not Available   
11,800.00 kJ/mol   
19

9th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,600.00 kJ/mol   
17

10th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,100.00 kJ/mol   
19

11th Energy Level
Not Available   
31,270.00 kJ/mol   
6

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.96 g/amp-hr   
32
1.64 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
3.10 eV   
35
2.59 eV   
99+

Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
64   
99+
38   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2   
[Kr] 5s2   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   

Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
64   
99+
38   
99+

Number of Neutrons
93   
37
50   
99+

Number of Electrons
64   
99+
38   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
215.00 pm   
5

Covalent Radius
196.00 pm   
14
195.00 pm   
15

Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm   
15
249.00 pm   
7

Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
87.62 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
33.70 cm3/mol   
6

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Europium
  
Rubidium
  

Next Element
Terbium
  
Yttrium
  

Valence Electron Potential
46.10 (-eV)   
34
25.70 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
363.60 pm   
32
608.49 pm   
6

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59   
9
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
7.90 g/cm3   
99+
2.64 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.40 g/cm3   
31
2.38 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
30
121.00 (Pa)   
1

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.39 (Pa)   
9
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
21.80 GPa   
33
6.03 GPa   
99+

Bulk Modulus
37.90 GPa   
34
Not Available   

Young's Modulus
54.80 GPa   
35
15.70 GPa   
99+

Poisson Ratio
0.26   
23
0.28   
17

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
7.90   
40
2.64   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
NA   

Resistivity
1.31 nΩ·m   
99+
132.00 nΩ·m   
24

Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω   
26

Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
5.03 kJ/mol   
38

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
0.30 J/(kg K)   
18

Molar Heat Capacity
37.03 J/mol·K   
2
26.40 J/mol·K   
28

Thermal Conductivity
10.60 W/m·K   
99+
35.40 W/m·K   
37

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
9.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
22.50 µm/(m·K)   
18

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
359.40 kJ/mol   
21
150.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
10.05 kJ/mol   
36
9.16 kJ/mol   
38

Enthalpy of Atomization
352.00 kJ/mol   
27
163.20 kJ/mol   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
68.10 J/mol.K   
16
55.00 J/mol.K   
26

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