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Gadolinium vs Zinc

Gadolinium
Zinc
Zinc vs Gadolinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Gd   
Zn   
Group Number
0   
18
12   
6
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440542   
33
7440666   
24
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac   
Indian metallurgists   
Discovery
In 1880   
Before 1000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
3 * 10-5 %   
11
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.0002 %   
10
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
34
0.02 %   
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
30
0.01 %   
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
38
0.00 %   
10
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
  • Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
6
In Bone
Not Available   
170.00 p.p.m.   
6
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,311.00 °C   
35
419.58 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,233.00 °C   
25
907.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
327.00 MPa   
32
Vickers Hardness
510.00 MPa   
22
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s   
34
3,850.00 m/s   
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.00   
2
Reflectivity
Not Available   
80.00 %   
5
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Gd   
Zn   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26   
13
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20   
39
1.65   
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.23   
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.66   
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.65   
11
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.59   
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.80   
15
2.35   
35
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol   
99+
906.40 kJ/mol   
6
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,733.30 kJ/mol   
27
3rd Energy Level
1,990.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,833.00 kJ/mol   
12
4th Energy Level
4,250.00 kJ/mol   
30
5,731.00 kJ/mol   
11
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,970.00 kJ/mol   
9
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,900.00 kJ/mol   
9
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
23,000.00 kJ/mol   
10
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,990.00 kJ/mol   
11
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
40,490.00 kJ/mol   
5
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
43,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
47,300.00 kJ/mol   
8
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,300.00 kJ/mol   
9
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
59,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
67,300.00 kJ/mol   
10
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
171,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
179,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.96 g/amp-hr   
32
1.22 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV   
35
4.33 eV   
17
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
64   
99+
30   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2   
[Ar] 3d10 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
64   
99+
30   
99+
Number of Neutrons
93   
37
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
64   
99+
30   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm   
14
122.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm   
15
139.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
65.38 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
9.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Europium
  
Copper
  
Next Element
Terbium
  
Gallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
46.10 (-eV)   
34
38.90 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
363.60 pm   
32
266.49 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59   
9
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.90 g/cm3   
99+
7.14 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.40 g/cm3   
31
6.57 g/cm3   
37
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
30
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.39 (Pa)   
9
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
21.80 GPa   
33
43.00 GPa   
18
Bulk Modulus
37.90 GPa   
34
70.00 GPa   
19
Young's Modulus
54.80 GPa   
35
108.00 GPa   
19
Poisson Ratio
0.26   
23
0.25   
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.90   
40
6.90   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
1.31 nΩ·m   
99+
59.00 nΩ·m   
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.17 106/cm Ω   
12
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
0.39 J/(kg K)   
14
Molar Heat Capacity
37.03 J/mol·K   
2
25.47 J/mol·K   
39
Thermal Conductivity
10.60 W/m·K   
99+
116.00 W/m·K   
14
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
30.20 µm/(m·K)   
11
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
359.40 kJ/mol   
21
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.05 kJ/mol   
36
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
352.00 kJ/mol   
27
129.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
68.10 J/mol.K   
16
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
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