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Gallium Chromium Comparison

Gallium
Chromium
Chromium Gallium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ga   
Cr   
Group Number
13   
5
6   
12
Period Number
4   
4   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440553   
32
7440473   
39
Space Group Name
Cmca   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
64.00   
9
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Discovery
In 1875   
In Between 1797 - 1798   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
1.5 * 10-3 %   
7
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %   
16
~0.002 %   
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
16
0.30 %   
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
24
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
22
0.00 %   
16
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
13
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3   
12
In Bone
Not Available   
0.33 p.p.m.   
21
Physical Properties
Melting Point
29.78 °C   
99+
1,857.00 °C   
14
Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C   
99+
2,672.00 °C   
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
8.50   
1
Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa   
99+
687.00 MPa   
16
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,060.00 MPa   
10
Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s   
31
5,940.00 m/s   
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ga   
Cr   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24   
15
21   
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.81   
15
1.66   
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.42   
2
1.66   
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.82   
1
1.56   
10
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.01   
5
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.76   
14
1.65   
19
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.19   
39
2.34   
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol   
99+
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
1
2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol   
13
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
1
3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol   
28
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
1
4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol   
8
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
1
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
7th Energy level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
12
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
13
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
10
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
12
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
2
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
4
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
5
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
7
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
157,700.00 kJ/mol   
7
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
166,090.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.32 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.20 eV   
23
4.50 eV   
14
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
31   
99+
24   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1   
[Ar] 3d5 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
31   
99+
24   
99+
Number of Neutrons
39   
99+
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
31   
99+
24   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
135.00 pm   
99+
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm   
99+
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm   
32
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
69.72 amu   
99+
52.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol   
99+
7.23 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Zinc
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Rubidium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)   
19
170.00 (-eV)   
4
Lattice Constant
451.97 pm   
18
291.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3   
99+
7.19 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3   
99+
6.30 g/cm3   
40
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
689.00 MPa   
7
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
15
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
774.00 (Pa)   
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
115.00 GPa   
9
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa   
99+
279.00 GPa   
8
Poisson Ratio
0.47   
1
0.21   
32
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.91   
99+
7.19   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Antiferromagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
NA   
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m   
15
125.00 nΩ·m   
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
29
0.08 106/cm Ω   
25
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
64.30 kJ/mol   
15
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)   
16
0.45 J/(kg K)   
12
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
23.35 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K   
34
93.90 W/m·K   
17
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)   
24
4.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol   
36
348.80 kJ/mol   
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol   
99+
15.31 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol   
39
397.50 kJ/mol   
21
Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K   
38
23.80 J/mol.K   
99+
Summary >>
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