Symbol
Ga
  
K
  
Period Number
4
  
4
  
Block
p block
  
s block
  
Element Family
Post-Transition
  
Alkali
  
Space Group Name
Cmca
  
Im_ 3m
  
Interesting Facts
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  
- In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
- Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
Found in Minerals, Mining
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
  
Humphry Davy
  
Discovery
In 1875
  
In 1807
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
  
16
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  
- Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
- Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
  
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
  
Pharmaceutical Industry
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
NA
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic
  
Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
  
13
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
2
In Bone
Not Available
  
2,100.00 p.p.m.
  
3
Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Silvery Gray
  
Luster
Metallic
  
NA
  
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s
  
31
2,000.00 m/s
  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Ga
  
K
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
418.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol
  
13
3,052.00 kJ/mol
  
5
3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol
  
28
4,420.00 kJ/mol
  
8
4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol
  
8
5,877.00 kJ/mol
  
9
5th Energy Level
Not Available
  
7,975.00 kJ/mol
  
8
6th Energy Level
Not Available
  
9,590.00 kJ/mol
  
13
7th Energy level
Not Available
  
11,343.00 kJ/mol
  
17
8th Energy Level
Not Available
  
14,944.00 kJ/mol
  
13
9th Energy Level
Not Available
  
16,963.70 kJ/mol
  
15
10th Energy Level
Not Available
  
48,610.00 kJ/mol
  
3
11th Energy Level
Not Available
  
54,490.00 kJ/mol
  
4
12th Energy Level
Not Available
  
60,730.00 kJ/mol
  
4
13th Energy Level
Not Available
  
68,950.00 kJ/mol
  
4
14th Energy Level
Not Available
  
75,900.00 kJ/mol
  
5
15th Energy Level
Not Available
  
83,080.00 kJ/mol
  
6
16th Energy Level
Not Available
  
93,400.00 kJ/mol
  
7
17th Energy Level
Not Available
  
99,710.00 kJ/mol
  
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr
  
99+
1.46 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
  
[Ar] 4s1
  
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol
  
99+
45.46 cm3/mol
  
3
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)
  
19
10.40 (-eV)
  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3
  
99+
0.86 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3
  
99+
0.83 g/cm3
  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available
  
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
  
NA
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
  
Conductor
  
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m
  
15
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω
  
29
0.14 106/cm Ω
  
14
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol
  
31
48.40 kJ/mol
  
22
Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)
  
16
0.75 J/(kg K)
  
6
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K
  
35
29.60 J/mol·K
  
6
Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K
  
34
102.50 W/m·K
  
15
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)
  
24
83.30 µm/(m·K)
  
3
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol
  
36
77.50 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol
  
99+
2.32 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol
  
39
89.50 kJ/mol
  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K
  
38
64.70 J/mol.K
  
18