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Gallium Samarium Comparison


Samarium Gallium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Ga   
Sm   

Group Number
13   
5
Not Available   

Period Number
4   
6   

Block
p block   
f block   

Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Lanthanide   

CAS Number
7440553   
32
7440199   
99+

Space Group Name
Cmca   
R_ 3m   

Space Group Number
64.00   
9
166.00   
6

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  
  • Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
  • Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
  

Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   

Discovery
In 1875   
In 1879   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
5 * 10-7 %   
19

Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %   
16
~0.0000001 %   
26

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
16
0.00 %   
37

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
24
0.00 %   
29

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
22
0.00 %   
40

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  
  • Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
  • Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
  

Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Slightly Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
13
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22

Physical Properties

Melting Point
29.78 °C   
99+
1,072.00 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C   
99+
1,900.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   

Luster
Metallic   
Lustrous   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
Not Available   

Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa   
99+
441.00 MPa   
27

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
412.00 MPa   
24

Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s   
31
2,130.00 m/s   
99+

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Ga   
Sm   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
24   
15
30   
9

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.81   
15
1.17   
40

Sanderson Electronegativity
2.42   
2
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.82   
1
1.07   
32

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.01   
5
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
1.76   
14
Not Available   

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.19   
39
2.83   
14

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol   
99+
544.50 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol   
13
1,070.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol   
28
2,260.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol   
8
3,990.00 kJ/mol   
37

Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.87 g/amp-hr   
34

Electron Work Function
4.20 eV   
23
2.70 eV   
99+

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
31   
99+
62   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1   
[Xe] 4f6 6s2   

Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   

Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
31   
99+
62   
99+

Number of Neutrons
39   
99+
88   
39

Number of Electrons
31   
99+
62   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
135.00 pm   
99+
180.00 pm   
14

Covalent Radius
122.00 pm   
99+
198.00 pm   
13

Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm   
32
229.00 pm   
20

Atomic Weight
69.72 amu   
99+
150.36 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol   
99+
19.95 cm3/mol   
19

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Zinc
  
Promethium
  

Next Element
Rubidium
  
Europium
  

Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)   
19
44.80 (-eV)   
37

Lattice Constant
451.97 pm   
18
362.10 pm   
33

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3   
99+
7.52 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3   
99+
7.16 g/cm3   
32

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
15
0.94 (Pa)   
9

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
Not Available   
19.50 GPa   
34

Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
37.80 GPa   
35

Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa   
99+
49.70 GPa   
37

Poisson Ratio
0.47   
1
0.27   
19

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
5.91   
99+
7.52   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m   
15
0.94 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
29
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
50.00 kJ/mol   
21

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)   
16
0.20 J/(kg K)   
31

Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
29.54 J/mol·K   
7

Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K   
34
13.30 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)   
24
12.70 µm/(m·K)   
30

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol   
36
166.40 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol   
99+
8.62 kJ/mol   
40

Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol   
39
209.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K   
38
69.60 J/mol.K   
15

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