Gallium vs Rhodium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ga
Rh
Group Number
13
5
9
9
Period Number
4
5
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440553
32
7440166
99+
Space Group Name
Cmca
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
64.00
9
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
- Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
- Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
William Hyde Wollaston
Discovery
In 1875
In 1804
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
6 * 10-8 %
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~0.0000002 %
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
16
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
24
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
22
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
- Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
- It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
NA
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
13
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
29.78 °C
99+
1,966.00 °C
12
Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C
99+
3,727.00 °C
17
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa
99+
980.00 MPa
9
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
1,100.00 MPa
9
Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s
31
4,700.00 m/s
15
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
84.00 %
4
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ga
Rh
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
24
15
16
23
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.81
15
2.28
3
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.42
2
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.82
1
1.45
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.01
5
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.76
14
1.56
24
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.19
39
1.72
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol
99+
719.70 kJ/mol
29
2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol
13
1,740.00 kJ/mol
26
3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol
28
2,997.00 kJ/mol
27
4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr
99+
1.28 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.20 eV
23
4.98 eV
6
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
31
99+
45
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
[Kr] 4d8 5s1
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
31
99+
45
99+
Number of Neutrons
39
99+
58
99+
Number of Electrons
31
99+
45
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
135.00 pm
99+
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm
99+
142.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm
32
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
69.72 amu
99+
102.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol
99+
8.30 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)
19
64.00 (-eV)
22
Lattice Constant
451.97 pm
18
380.34 pm
27
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3
99+
12.41 g/cm3
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3
99+
10.70 g/cm3
14
Tensile Strength
Not Available
951.00 MPa
5
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
15
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.02 (Pa)
19
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
150.00 GPa
6
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
275.00 GPa
5
Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa
99+
380.00 GPa
5
Poisson Ratio
0.47
1
0.26
22
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.91
99+
12.41
20
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m
15
43.30 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω
29
0.21 106/cm Ω
8
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol
31
109.70 kJ/mol
7
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)
16
0.24 J/(kg K)
22
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K
35
24.98 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K
34
150.00 W/m·K
9
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)
24
8.20 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol
36
495.40 kJ/mol
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol
99+
21.76 kJ/mol
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol
39
556.50 kJ/mol
12
Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K
38
31.50 J/mol.K
99+
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