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Gallium vs Ytterbium

Gallium
Ytterbium
Ytterbium vs Gallium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ga   
Yb   
Group Number
13   
5
Not Available   
Period Number
4   
6   
Block
p block   
f block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440553   
32
7440644   
26
Space Group Name
Cmca   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
64.00   
9
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  
  • Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
  • Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac   
Discovery
In 1875   
In 1878   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %   
16
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
16
0.00 %   
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
24
0.00 %   
33
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
22
0.00 %   
37
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  
  • Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
13
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
29.78 °C   
99+
824.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C   
99+
1,196.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa   
99+
343.00 MPa   
31
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
206.00 MPa   
33
Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s   
31
1,590.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ga   
Yb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24   
15
30   
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.81   
15
Not Available   
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.42   
2
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.82   
1
1.06   
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.01   
5
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.76   
14
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.19   
39
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol   
99+
603.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol   
13
1,174.80 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol   
28
2,417.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol   
8
4,203.00 kJ/mol   
31
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.15 g/amp-hr   
25
Electron Work Function
4.20 eV   
23
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
31   
99+
70   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1   
[Xe] 4f14 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
31   
99+
70   
99+
Number of Neutrons
39   
99+
103   
31
Number of Electrons
31   
99+
70   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
135.00 pm   
99+
176.00 pm   
18
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm   
99+
187.00 pm   
20
Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm   
32
242.00 pm   
12
Atomic Weight
69.72 amu   
99+
173.05 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol   
99+
24.79 cm3/mol   
9
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Zinc
  
Thulium
  
Next Element
Rubidium
  
Lutetium
  
Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)   
19
50.30 (-eV)   
27
Lattice Constant
451.97 pm   
18
548.47 pm   
11
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3   
99+
6.90 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3   
99+
6.21 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
58.00 MPa   
18
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
15
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
9.90 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
30.50 GPa   
39
Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa   
99+
23.90 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.47   
1
0.21   
33
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.91   
99+
6.97   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m   
15
0.25 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
29
0.04 106/cm Ω   
38
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)   
16
0.15 J/(kg K)   
36
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K   
34
38.50 W/m·K   
35
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
26.30 K   
7
Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)   
24
26.30 µm/(m·K)   
14
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol   
36
128.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol   
99+
7.66 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol   
39
180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K   
38
59.90 J/mol.K   
21
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