Gallium Ytterbium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ga
Yb
Group Number
13
5
Not Available
Period Number
4
6
Block
p block
f block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440553
32
7440644
26
Space Group Name
Cmca
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
64.00
9
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
- Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
- Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Discovery
In 1875
In 1878
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
16
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
24
0.00 %
33
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
22
0.00 %
37
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
- Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
13
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
29.78 °C
99+
824.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C
99+
1,196.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa
99+
343.00 MPa
31
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
206.00 MPa
33
Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s
31
1,590.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ga
Yb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
24
15
30
9
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.81
15
Not Available
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.42
2
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.82
1
1.06
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.01
5
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.76
14
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.19
39
Not Available
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol
99+
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol
13
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol
28
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol
8
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr
99+
2.15 g/amp-hr
25
Electron Work Function
4.20 eV
23
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
31
99+
70
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
31
99+
70
99+
Number of Neutrons
39
99+
103
31
Number of Electrons
31
99+
70
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
135.00 pm
99+
176.00 pm
18
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm
99+
187.00 pm
20
Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm
32
242.00 pm
12
Atomic Weight
69.72 amu
99+
173.05 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol
99+
24.79 cm3/mol
9
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)
19
50.30 (-eV)
27
Lattice Constant
451.97 pm
18
548.47 pm
11
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3
99+
6.90 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3
99+
6.21 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
58.00 MPa
18
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
15
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
9.90 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
30.50 GPa
39
Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa
99+
23.90 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.47
1
0.21
33
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.91
99+
6.97
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m
15
0.25 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω
29
0.04 106/cm Ω
38
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol
31
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)
16
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K
35
26.74 J/mol·K
25
Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K
34
38.50 W/m·K
35
Critical Temperature
Not Available
26.30 K
7
Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)
24
26.30 µm/(m·K)
14
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol
36
128.90 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol
99+
7.66 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol
39
180.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K
38
59.90 J/mol.K
21
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