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Ytterbium Gallium Comparison


Gallium Ytterbium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Yb   
Ga   

Group Number
Not Available   
13   
5

Period Number
6   
4   

Block
f block   
p block   

Element Family
Lanthanide   
Post-​Transition   

CAS Number
7440644   
26
7440553   
32

Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Cmca   

Space Group Number
225.00   
2
64.00   
9

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
  • Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
  
  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac   
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   

Discovery
In 1878   
In 1875   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
1 * 10-6 %   
16

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.000004 %   
16

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
36
0.00 %   
16

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
33
0.00 %   
24

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
37
0.00 %   
22

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
  
  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  

Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   

In Blood
Not Available   
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
13

Physical Properties

Melting Point
824.00 °C   
99+
29.78 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
1,196.00 °C   
99+
2,403.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.50   
18

Brinell Hardness
343.00 MPa   
31
56.80 MPa   
99+

Vickers Hardness
206.00 MPa   
33
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
1,590.00 m/s   
99+
2,740.00 m/s   
31

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Yb   
Ga   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
30   
9
24   
15

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.81   
15

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.42   
2

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.06   
33
1.82   
1

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.01   
5

Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.76   
14

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.19   
39

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol   
99+
578.80 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,979.30 kJ/mol   
13

3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,963.00 kJ/mol   
28

4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol   
31
6,180.00 kJ/mol   
8

Electrochemical Equivalent
2.15 g/amp-hr   
25
0.87 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.20 eV   
23

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
70   
99+
31   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 6s2   
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1   

Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   

Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100   
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
70   
99+
31   
99+

Number of Neutrons
103   
31
39   
99+

Number of Electrons
70   
99+
31   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
135.00 pm   
99+

Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
122.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
242.00 pm   
12
187.00 pm   
32

Atomic Weight
173.05 amu   
99+
69.72 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
24.79 cm3/mol   
9
11.80 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Thulium
  
Zinc
  

Next Element
Lutetium
  
Rubidium
  

Valence Electron Potential
50.30 (-eV)   
27
69.70 (-eV)   
19

Lattice Constant
548.47 pm   
11
451.97 pm   
18

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
6.90 g/cm3   
99+
5.91 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.21 g/cm3   
99+
6.10 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
58.00 MPa   
18
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
15

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
9.90 GPa   
99+
Not Available   

Bulk Modulus
30.50 GPa   
39
Not Available   

Young's Modulus
23.90 GPa   
99+
9.80 GPa   
99+

Poisson Ratio
0.21   
33
0.47   
1

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
6.97   
99+
5.91   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   

Resistivity
0.25 nΩ·m   
99+
270.00 nΩ·m   
15

Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω   
38
0.07 106/cm Ω   
29

Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
28.90 kJ/mol   
31

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)   
36
0.37 J/(kg K)   
16

Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
25.86 J/mol·K   
35

Thermal Conductivity
38.50 W/m·K   
35
40.60 W/m·K   
34

Critical Temperature
26.30 K   
7
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
26.30 µm/(m·K)   
14
18.00 µm/(m·K)   
24

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.90 kJ/mol   
99+
256.10 kJ/mol   
36

Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol   
99+
5.59 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
276.10 kJ/mol   
39

Standard Molar Entropy
59.90 J/mol.K   
21
40.80 J/mol.K   
38

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