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Ytterbium vs Thallium

Ytterbium
Thallium
Thallium vs Ytterbium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Yb   
Tl   
Group Number
Not Available   
13   
5
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
p block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440644   
26
7440280   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
  • Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
  
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac   
William Crookes   
Discovery
In 1878   
In 1861   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
5 * 10-9 %   
32
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
36
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
33
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
37
0.00 %   
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
  
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Medical Research   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
34
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
33
Physical Properties
Melting Point
824.00 °C   
99+
303.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,196.00 °C   
99+
1,457.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.20   
20
Brinell Hardness
343.00 MPa   
31
26.50 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
206.00 MPa   
33
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
1,590.00 m/s   
99+
818.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Yb   
Tl   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30   
9
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.62   
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.25   
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.06   
33
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.96   
6
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.79   
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.38   
33
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol   
99+
589.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,971.00 kJ/mol   
14
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,878.00 kJ/mol   
32
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol   
31
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.15 g/amp-hr   
25
7.63 g/amp-hr   
2
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
3.84 eV   
28
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
70   
99+
81   
35
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
70   
99+
81   
35
Number of Neutrons
103   
31
123   
20
Number of Electrons
70   
99+
81   
35
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
170.00 pm   
22
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
145.00 pm   
39
Van der Waals Radius
242.00 pm   
12
196.00 pm   
30
Atomic Weight
173.05 amu   
99+
204.38 amu   
31
Atomic Volume
24.79 cm3/mol   
9
17.20 cm3/mol   
31
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thulium
  
Mercury
  
Next Element
Lutetium
  
Lead
  
Valence Electron Potential
50.30 (-eV)   
27
9.60 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
548.47 pm   
11
345.66 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.60   
6
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.90 g/cm3   
99+
11.85 g/cm3   
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.21 g/cm3   
99+
11.22 g/cm3   
13
Tensile Strength
58.00 MPa   
18
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
16.90 (Pa)   
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
9.90 GPa   
99+
2.80 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
30.50 GPa   
39
43.00 GPa   
28
Young's Modulus
23.90 GPa   
99+
8.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.21   
33
0.45   
2
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.97   
99+
11.85   
22
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.25 nΩ·m   
99+
0.18 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω   
38
0.06 106/cm Ω   
32
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
19.20 kJ/mol   
32
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)   
36
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
Thermal Conductivity
38.50 W/m·K   
35
46.10 W/m·K   
33
Critical Temperature
26.30 K   
7
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
26.30 µm/(m·K)   
14
29.90 µm/(m·K)   
12
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.90 kJ/mol   
99+
162.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol   
99+
4.27 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
179.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
59.90 J/mol.K   
21
64.20 J/mol.K   
19
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