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Gd Element
Gadolinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Gd
Group Number
0 18
Period Number
6 2
Block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440542 33
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00 7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Discovery
In 1880
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 % 23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 % 25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 % 34
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 % 30
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 % 38
Abundance In Humans
0.00 % 24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
  • Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3 40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m. 41
Physical
Melting Point
1,311.00 °C 35
Boiling Point
3,233.00 °C 26
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
4.50 10
Brinell Hardness
700.00 MPa 17
Vickers Hardness
510.00 MPa 34
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s 48
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.97 16
Reflectivity
59.00 % 24
Allotropes
No
α Allotropes
-
β Allotropes
-
γ Allotropes
-
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Gd
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26 13
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20 40
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.20 32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11 30
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.20 39
Allen Electronegativity
1.20 48
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.80 15
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol 56
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol 66
3rd Energy Level
1,990.00 kJ/mol 79
4th Energy Level
4,250.00 kJ/mol 40
5th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol 49
6th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol 62
7th Energy level
5,930.00 kJ/mol 55
8th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol 53
9th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol 51
10th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol 53
11th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol 58
12th Energy Level
59,300.00 kJ/mol 17
13th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol 47
14th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol 36
15th Energy Level
59,300.00 kJ/mol 48
16th Energy Level
59,300.00 kJ/mol 37
17th Energy Level
594.10 kJ/mol 58
18th Energy Level
5,930.00 kJ/mol 50
19th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol 55
20th Energy Level
594.00 kJ/mol 52
21st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol 65
22nd Energy Level
593.00 kJ/mol 47
23rd Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol 64
24th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol 48
25th Energy Level
593.00 kJ/mol 50
26th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol 51
27th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol 51
28th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol 55
29th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol 56
30th Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol 53
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.96 g/amp-hr 36
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV 46
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic
Atomic Number
64 52
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
64 51
Number of Neutrons
93 38
Number of Electrons
64 51
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm 16
Covalent Radius
196.00 pm 14
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm 19
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu 78
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol 32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
73
Next Element
77
Valence Electron Potential
46.10 (-eV) 35
Lattice Constant
363.60 pm 35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59 29
Mechanical
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.90 g/cm3 56
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.40 g/cm3 58
Tensile Strength
158.00 MPa 23
Viscosity
0.00 23
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa) 32
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.39 (Pa) 9
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
21.80 GPa 43
Bulk Modulus
37.90 GPa 42
Young's Modulus
54.80 GPa 38
Poisson Ratio
0.26 23
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.90 56
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m 12
Susceptibility
0.00 4
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Resistivity
1.31 nΩ·m 68
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω 67
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol 26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K) 27
Molar Heat Capacity
37.03 J/mol·K 3
Thermal Conductivity
10.60 W/m·K 67
Critical Temperature
1,585.00 K 38
Thermal Expansion
9.40 µm/(m·K) 56
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
359.40 kJ/mol 30
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.05 kJ/mol 42
Enthalpy of Atomization
352.00 kJ/mol 36
Standard Molar Entropy
68.10 J/mol.K 16
Summary >>
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