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Gold vs Iron

Gold
Iron
Iron vs Gold


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au   
Fe   
Group Number
11   
7
8   
10
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440575   
31
7439896   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE   
Before 5000 BC   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
1.1 * 10-1 %   
1
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.1 %   
1
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
22.00 %   
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
6.30 %   
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
21
0.00 %   
12
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
18
0.01 %   
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
3
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
380.00 p.p.m.   
5
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C   
99+
1,535.00 °C   
25
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C   
36
2,750.00 °C   
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gold   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
4.00   
10
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa   
99+
200.00 MPa   
40
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa   
31
608.00 MPa   
18
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
5,120.00 m/s   
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
95.00 %   
2
65.00 %   
12
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Ferrite (alpha Iron)   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
beta Iron   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
gamma Iron   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Au   
Fe   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54   
1
1.83   
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.64   
8
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87   
7
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.92   
5
1.80   
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46   
99+
2.17   
40
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
762.50 kJ/mol   
17
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
1,561.90 kJ/mol   
36
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,957.00 kJ/mol   
29
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,290.00 kJ/mol   
16
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,240.00 kJ/mol   
16
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,560.00 kJ/mol   
14
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,060.00 kJ/mol   
15
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,580.00 kJ/mol   
14
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,540.00 kJ/mol   
5
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,290.00 kJ/mol   
8
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
28,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
31,920.00 kJ/mol   
9
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,830.00 kJ/mol   
9
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,840.00 kJ/mol   
11
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
44,100.00 kJ/mol   
11
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
47,206.00 kJ/mol   
13
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
122,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
131,000.00 kJ/mol   
2
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
140,500.00 kJ/mol   
3
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
152,600.00 kJ/mol   
5
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
163,000.00 kJ/mol   
5
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
173,600.00 kJ/mol   
4
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
188,100.00 kJ/mol   
4
24th Energy Level
Not Available   
195,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV   
4
4.70 eV   
10
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
79   
37
26   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
[Ar] 3d6 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79   
37
26   
99+
Number of Neutrons
118   
23
30   
99+
Number of Electrons
79   
37
26   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
126.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm   
40
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm   
39
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu   
33
55.85 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Manganese
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Cobalt
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
67.00 (-eV)   
20
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm   
21
286.65 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61   
4
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3   
15
7.87 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3   
6
6.98 g/cm3   
35
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
11,000.00 MPa   
1
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
23
0.00 (Pa)   
28
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)   
4
36.80 (Pa)   
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa   
27
82.00 GPa   
11
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa   
9
170.00 GPa   
10
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa   
24
211.00 GPa   
9
Poisson Ratio
0.40   
4
0.29   
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32   
8
7.20   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
6.3 * 10-3 H/m   
1
Susceptibility
Not Available   
2,00,000.00   
1
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
96.10 nΩ·m   
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
0.10 106/cm Ω   
20
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
15.70 kJ/mol   
34
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
25.10 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K   
3
80.40 W/m·K   
22
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
351.00 kJ/mol   
23
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
14.90 kJ/mol   
22
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
414.20 kJ/mol   
19
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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