Iron vs Gold
Periodic Table
Symbol
Fe
Au
Group Number
8
10
11
7
Period Number
4
6
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439896
99+
7440575
31
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
- It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
- It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
- Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
History
Discovery
Before 5000 BC
Before 6000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1.1 * 10-1 %
1
6 * 10-8 %
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.1 %
1
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
22.00 %
1
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
6.30 %
2
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
12
0.00 %
21
Abundance In Humans
0.01 %
5
0.00 %
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
- Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
- It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
3
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
35
In Bone
380.00 p.p.m.
5
0.02 p.p.m.
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,535.00 °C
25
1,064.43 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,750.00 °C
37
2,807.00 °C
36
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Gold
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
4.00
10
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
200.00 MPa
40
194.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
608.00 MPa
18
216.00 MPa
31
Speed of Sound
5,120.00 m/s
8
2,030.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
65.00 %
12
95.00 %
2
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
Not Available
β Allotropes
beta Iron
Not Available
γ Allotropes
gamma Iron
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Fe
Au
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26
13
36
3
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.83
14
2.54
1
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20
7
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.64
8
1.42
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.87
7
Allen Electronegativity
1.80
12
1.92
5
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.17
40
1.46
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol
17
890.10 kJ/mol
8
2nd Energy Level
1,561.90 kJ/mol
36
1,980.00 kJ/mol
12
3rd Energy Level
2,957.00 kJ/mol
29
Not Available
4th Energy Level
5,290.00 kJ/mol
16
Not Available
5th Energy Level
7,240.00 kJ/mol
16
Not Available
6th Energy Level
9,560.00 kJ/mol
14
Not Available
7th Energy level
12,060.00 kJ/mol
15
Not Available
8th Energy Level
14,580.00 kJ/mol
14
Not Available
9th Energy Level
22,540.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
10th Energy Level
25,290.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
11th Energy Level
28,000.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
12th Energy Level
31,920.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
13th Energy Level
34,830.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
14th Energy Level
37,840.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
15th Energy Level
44,100.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
16th Energy Level
47,206.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
17th Energy Level
122,200.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
18th Energy Level
131,000.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
19th Energy Level
140,500.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
20th Energy Level
152,600.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
21st Energy Level
163,000.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
22nd Energy Level
173,600.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
23rd Energy Level
188,100.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
24th Energy Level
195,200.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
2.45 g/amp-hr
21
Electron Work Function
4.70 eV
10
5.10 eV
4
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
26
99+
79
37
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
26
99+
79
37
Number of Neutrons
30
99+
118
23
Number of Electrons
26
99+
79
37
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
126.00 pm
99+
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm
99+
144.00 pm
40
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
166.00 pm
39
Atomic Weight
55.85 amu
99+
196.97 amu
33
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
10.20 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
67.00 (-eV)
20
43.40 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
286.65 pm
99+
407.82 pm
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.61
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.87 g/cm3
99+
19.30 g/cm3
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.98 g/cm3
35
17.31 g/cm3
6
Tensile Strength
11,000.00 MPa
1
120.00 MPa
15
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
28
0.00 (Pa)
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
36.80 (Pa)
5
67.00 (Pa)
4
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
82.00 GPa
11
27.00 GPa
27
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa
10
180.00 GPa
9
Young's Modulus
211.00 GPa
9
79.00 GPa
24
Poisson Ratio
0.29
15
0.40
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.20
99+
19.32
8
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
6.3 * 10-3 H/m
1
Not Available
Susceptibility
2,00,000.00
1
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
96.10 nΩ·m
32
2.20 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω
20
0.45 106/cm Ω
3
Electron Affinity
15.70 kJ/mol
34
222.80 kJ/mol
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K
99+
25.42 J/mol·K
40
Thermal Conductivity
80.40 W/m·K
22
318.00 W/m·K
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
14.20 µm/(m·K)
26
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
351.00 kJ/mol
23
324.40 kJ/mol
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.90 kJ/mol
22
12.55 kJ/mol
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
414.20 kJ/mol
19
364.00 kJ/mol
25
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
47.40 J/mol.K
32
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