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Iron vs Gold

Iron
Gold
Gold vs Iron


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fe  
Au  
Group Number
8  
10
11  
7
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439896  
99+
7440575  
31
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals  
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
-  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC  
Before 6000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.11 %  
1
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.10 %  
1
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
22.00 %  
1
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
6.30 %  
2
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
12
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Humans
0.01 %  
6
0.00 %  
21
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
3
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
In Bone
380.00 p.p.m.  
5
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
Physical
Melting Point
1,535.00 °C  
25
1,064.43 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,750.00 °C  
39
2,807.00 °C  
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Gold  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
200.00 MPa  
99+
194.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
608.00 MPa  
27
216.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
5,120.00 m/s  
12
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.60  
4
0.47  
99+
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
95.00 %  
2
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
Ferrite (alpha Iron)  
-  
β Allotropes
beta Iron  
-  
γ Allotropes
gamma Iron  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Fe  
Au  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26  
13
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.83  
15
2.54  
2
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.64  
9
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83  
16
1.87  
15
Allen Electronegativity
1.80  
15
1.92  
7
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.17  
99+
1.46  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
17
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
2nd Energy Level
1,561.90 kJ/mol  
37
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
3rd Energy Level
2,957.00 kJ/mol  
29
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
4th Energy Level
5,290.00 kJ/mol  
25
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,240.00 kJ/mol  
25
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
6th Energy Level
9,560.00 kJ/mol  
20
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
7th Energy level
12,060.00 kJ/mol  
15
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
8th Energy Level
14,580.00 kJ/mol  
14
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
9th Energy Level
22,540.00 kJ/mol  
5
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
10th Energy Level
25,290.00 kJ/mol  
8
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
11th Energy Level
28,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
12th Energy Level
31,920.00 kJ/mol  
31
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
13th Energy Level
34,830.00 kJ/mol  
9
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
14th Energy Level
37,840.00 kJ/mol  
11
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
44,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
16th Energy Level
47,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
122,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
18th Energy Level
131,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
19th Energy Level
140,500.00 kJ/mol  
3
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
20th Energy Level
152,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
21st Energy Level
163,000.00 kJ/mol  
5
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
22nd Energy Level
173,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
23rd Energy Level
188,100.00 kJ/mol  
4
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
24th Energy Level
195,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
25th Energy Level
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
26th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
15
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
27th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
14
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
28th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
29th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
30th Energy Level
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
Electron Work Function
4.70 eV  
15
5.10 eV  
8
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
26  
99+
79  
37
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d6 4s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
26  
99+
79  
37
Number of Neutrons
30  
99+
118  
24
Number of Electrons
26  
99+
79  
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
126.00 pm  
99+
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
144.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
166.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
55.85 amu  
99+
196.97 amu  
33
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Manganese
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Cobalt
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
67.00 (-eV)  
20
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
286.65 pm  
99+
407.82 pm  
24
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.35  
99+
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.87 g/cm3  
99+
19.30 g/cm3  
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.98 g/cm3  
99+
17.31 g/cm3  
16
Tensile Strength
11,000.00 MPa  
1
120.00 MPa  
27
Viscosity
0.00  
19
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
25
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
36.80 (Pa)  
5
67.00 (Pa)  
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
82.00 GPa  
11
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa  
10
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
211.00 GPa  
9
79.00 GPa  
26
Poisson Ratio
0.29  
15
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.20  
99+
19.32  
17
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.01 H/m  
1
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
200,000.00  
1
0.00  
22
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
96.10 nΩ·m  
32
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
24
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
Electron Affinity
15.70 kJ/mol  
40
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
80.40 W/m·K  
22
318.00 W/m·K  
3
Critical Temperature
1,811.00 K  
29
1,337.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
351.00 kJ/mol  
33
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.90 kJ/mol  
23
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
414.20 kJ/mol  
24
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
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