1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Actinide
1.6 CAS Number
744057522537195
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
- It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
- Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
- It is synthetically produced metal.
- Radiation hazard can be produce by it.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Unknown
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
2.3.2 Discovery
Before 6000 BCE
In 1961–1971
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
1.2.1 Abundance In Meteorites
1.2.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.7.1 Abundance In Oceans
1.7.2 Abundance In Humans
2 Uses
2.1 Uses & Benefits
- Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
- It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
- Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.
2.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
2.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
2.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
NA
2.2 Biological Properties
2.2.1 Toxicity
2.2.2 Present in Human Body
2.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.4.2 In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,064.43 °C1,627.00 °C
27
3410
5.3 Boiling Point
5.4 Appearance
5.4.1 Physical State
5.4.2 Color
5.4.3 Luster
5.5 Hardness
5.5.1 Mohs Hardness
5.5.5 Brinell Hardness
6.2.4 Vickers Hardness
6.3 Speed of Sound
7.2 Optical Properties
7.2.1 Refractive Index
8.2.4 Reflectivity
8.4 Allotropes
8.4.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.4.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.4.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.5 Electronegativity
9.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
10.1.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
10.2.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
10.2.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
10.5.1 Allen Electronegativity
10.7 Electropositivity
10.7.1 Pauling Electropositivity
11.3 Ionization Energies
11.3.1 1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol470.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
11.3.3 2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol1,428.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
11.5.1 3rd Energy Level
NA2,228.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
11.5.3 4th Energy Level
NA4,910.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
11.6.2 5th Energy Level
11.6.4 6th Energy Level
11.6.7 7th Energy level
12.2.3 8th Energy Level
12.3.2 9th Energy Level
12.4.2 10th Energy Level
12.5.4 11th Energy Level
12.5.7 12th Energy Level
12.5.10 13th Energy Level
12.5.13 14th Energy Level
12.5.15 15th Energy Level
12.6.3 16th Energy Level
12.7.3 17th Energy Level
12.7.6 18th Energy Level
12.7.9 19th Energy Level
12.7.10 20th Energy Level
12.7.13 21st Energy Level
12.7.14 22nd Energy Level
12.7.17 23rd Energy Level
12.7.18 24th Energy Level
12.7.21 25th Energy Level
12.7.23 26th Energy Level
12.7.25 27th Energy Level
12.7.27 28th Energy Level
12.7.30 29th Energy Level
12.7.32 30th Energy Level
12.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr3.23 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
12.9 Electron Work Function
12.10 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
13 Atomic
13.1 Atomic Number
13.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1
13.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
13.3.1 Crystal Lattice
13.4 Atom
13.4.1 Number of Protons
13.4.5 Number of Neutrons
13.4.9 Number of Electrons
13.5 Radius of an Atom
13.5.1 Atomic Radius
13.5.4 Covalent Radius
13.5.8 Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm246.00 pm
139
348
13.6 Atomic Weight
196.97 amu266.00 amu
6.94
294
13.8 Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
13.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.10.1 Previous Element
13.10.2 Next Element
13.11 Valence Electron Potential
14.2 Lattice Constant
407.82 pmNA
228.58
891.25
14.6 Lattice Angles
14.7 Lattice C/A Ratio
15 Mechanical
15.1 Density
15.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
15.1.5 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.2 Tensile Strength
15.4 Viscosity
15.6 Vapor Pressure
15.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
15.7.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)NA
2.62E-10
774
16.2 Elasticity properties
16.2.1 Shear Modulus
16.5.1 Bulk Modulus
16.7.1 Young's Modulus
16.10 Poisson Ratio
16.12 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Unknown
17 Magnetic
17.1 Magnetic Characteristics
17.1.1 Specific Gravity
17.4.2 Magnetic Ordering
17.4.3 Permeability
18.1.2 Susceptibility
18.2 Electrical Properties
18.2.1 Electrical Property
18.2.2 Resistivity
18.4.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
18.5.1 Electron Affinity
19 Thermal
19.1 Specific Heat
19.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
19.6 Thermal Conductivity
19.8 Critical Temperature
19.11 Thermal Expansion
20.3 Enthalpy
20.3.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
21.1.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
21.3.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
21.6 Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1