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Gold vs Manganese

Gold
Manganese
Manganese vs Gold


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au   
Mn   
Group Number
11   
7
7   
11
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440575   
31
7439965   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
I_ 43m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
217.00   
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Johann Gottlieb Gahn   
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE   
In 1774   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
8 * 10-4 %   
8
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.001 %   
8
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.27 %   
8
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.11 %   
8
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
21
0.00 %   
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
18
0.00 %   
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
14
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
100.00 p.p.m.   
8
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C   
99+
1,245.00 °C   
37
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C   
36
1,962.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gold   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa   
99+
196.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa   
31
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
5,150.00 m/s   
7
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
95.00 %   
2
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Au   
Mn   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
21   
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54   
1
1.55   
25
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.60   
9
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87   
7
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.92   
5
1.75   
15
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46   
99+
2.45   
29
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
717.30 kJ/mol   
30
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
1,509.00 kJ/mol   
39
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
3,248.00 kJ/mol   
21
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,940.00 kJ/mol   
20
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,990.00 kJ/mol   
17
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,220.00 kJ/mol   
16
7th Energy level
Not Available   
11,500.00 kJ/mol   
16
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,770.00 kJ/mol   
5
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,400.00 kJ/mol   
6
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
23,960.00 kJ/mol   
9
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
27,590.00 kJ/mol   
10
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
30,330.00 kJ/mol   
10
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
33,150.00 kJ/mol   
11
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,880.00 kJ/mol   
10
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
41,987.00 kJ/mol   
13
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
109,480.00 kJ/mol   
1
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
118,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
127,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
138,600.00 kJ/mol   
4
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,500.00 kJ/mol   
6
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
158,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
172,500.00 kJ/mol   
5
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
181,380.00 kJ/mol   
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
0.29 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV   
4
4.10 eV   
25
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
79   
37
25   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
[Ar] 3d5 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79   
37
25   
99+
Number of Neutrons
118   
23
30   
99+
Number of Electrons
79   
37
25   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
127.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm   
40
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm   
39
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu   
33
54.94 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
1.39 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Chromium
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Iron
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
220.00 (-eV)   
2
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm   
21
891.25 pm   
1
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61   
4
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3   
15
7.21 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3   
6
5.95 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
23
0.00 (Pa)   
12
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa   
27
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa   
9
120.00 GPa   
14
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa   
24
198.00 GPa   
12
Poisson Ratio
0.40   
4
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32   
8
7.21   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
1.44 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.48 J/(kg K)   
11
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K   
3
7.81 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
21.70 µm/(m·K)   
21
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
219.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
14.64 kJ/mol   
23
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
280.30 kJ/mol   
38
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
32.00 J/mol.K   
99+
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