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Gold vs Manganese

Gold
Manganese
Manganese vs Gold


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au  
Mn  
Group Number
11  
7
7  
11
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440575  
31
7439965  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
I_ 43m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
217.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Johann Gottlieb Gahn  
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE  
In 1774  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.27 %  
8
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.11 %  
8
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3  
14
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
100.00 p.p.m.  
8
Physical
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C  
99+
1,245.00 °C  
37
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C  
37
1,962.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gold  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa  
99+
196.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa  
99+
196.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
5,150.00 m/s  
11
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.47  
99+
2.00  
15
Reflectivity
95.00 %  
2
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Au  
Mn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54  
2
1.55  
26
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.50  
18
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.60  
10
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87  
15
1.55  
23
Allen Electronegativity
1.92  
7
1.75  
18
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46  
99+
2.45  
29
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
717.30 kJ/mol  
30
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
1,509.00 kJ/mol  
40
3rd Energy Level
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
3,248.00 kJ/mol  
21
4th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4,940.00 kJ/mol  
30
5th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
6,990.00 kJ/mol  
29
6th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
9,220.00 kJ/mol  
22
7th Energy level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
11,500.00 kJ/mol  
16
8th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
18,770.00 kJ/mol  
5
9th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
21,400.00 kJ/mol  
6
10th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
23,960.00 kJ/mol  
9
11th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
27,590.00 kJ/mol  
10
12th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
30,330.00 kJ/mol  
32
13th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
33,150.00 kJ/mol  
11
14th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
38,880.00 kJ/mol  
10
15th Energy Level
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
41,987.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
109,480.00 kJ/mol  
1
17th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
118,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
18th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
127,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
19th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
138,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
20th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
148,500.00 kJ/mol  
6
21st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
158,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
22nd Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
172,500.00 kJ/mol  
5
23rd Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
181,380.00 kJ/mol  
5
24th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
25th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
717.30 kJ/mol  
24
26th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
27th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
28th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
0.29 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV  
8
4.10 eV  
32
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
79  
37
25  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
[Ar] 3d5 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79  
37
25  
99+
Number of Neutrons
118  
24
30  
99+
Number of Electrons
79  
37
25  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
127.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu  
33
54.94 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
1.39 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Chromium
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Iron
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
220.00 (-eV)  
2
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm  
24
891.25 pm  
1
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.55  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3  
15
7.21 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3  
16
5.95 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
370.00 MPa  
11
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
2
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
25
0.00 (Pa)  
12
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)  
4
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
40.00 GPa  
19
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
120.00 GPa  
14
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa  
26
198.00 GPa  
13
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32  
17
7.21  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
7
Susceptibility
0.00  
22
0.00  
12
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
1.44 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.48 J/(kg K)  
11
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
26.32 J/mol·K  
37
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K  
3
7.81 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,337.00 K  
99+
1,519.00 K  
40
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
21.70 µm/(m·K)  
22
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
219.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
14.64 kJ/mol  
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
280.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
32.00 J/mol.K  
99+
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