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Gold vs Molybdenum


Molybdenum vs Gold


Periodic Table

Symbol
Au   
Mo   

Group Number
11   
7
6   
12

Period Number
6   
5   

Block
d block   
d block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440575   
31
7439987   
99+

Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   

Space Group Number
225.00   
2
229.00   
1

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  

Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Unknown   
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   

Discovery
Before 6000 BCE   
In 1778   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
5 * 10-7 %   
19

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0000009 %   
19

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
24

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
39

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
21
0.00 %   
9

Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
18
0.00 %   
14

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  

Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
31

In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
0.70 p.p.m.   
18

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,064.43 °C   
99+
2,617.00 °C   
5

Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C   
36
4,612.00 °C   
9

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Gold   
Gray   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
5.50   
7

Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa   
99+
1,370.00 MPa   
7

Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa   
31
1,400.00 MPa   
6

Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
5,400.00 m/s   
6

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
95.00 %   
2
58.00 %   
15

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Au   
Mo   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
36   
3
25   
14

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
2.54   
1
2.16   
5

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.15   
19

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.30   
24

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87   
7
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
1.92   
5
2.16   
3

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
1.46   
99+
1.84   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
684.30 kJ/mol   
37

2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
1,560.00 kJ/mol   
37

3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,618.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,480.00 kJ/mol   
26

5th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,257.00 kJ/mol   
32

6th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,640.80 kJ/mol   
22

7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,125.00 kJ/mol   
13

8th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,860.00 kJ/mol   
16

9th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,835.00 kJ/mol   
16

10th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,980.00 kJ/mol   
18

11th Energy Level
Not Available   
20,190.00 kJ/mol   
17

12th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,219.00 kJ/mol   
15

13th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,930.00 kJ/mol   
13

14th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,196.00 kJ/mol   
13

15th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,490.00 kJ/mol   
7

16th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,000.00 kJ/mol   
8

17th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,400.00 kJ/mol   
9

18th Energy Level
Not Available   
67,700.00 kJ/mol   
9

19th Energy Level
Not Available   
74,000.00 kJ/mol   
9

20th Energy Level
Not Available   
80,400.00 kJ/mol   
10

21st Energy Level
Not Available   
87,000.00 kJ/mol   
9

22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
93,400.00 kJ/mol   
7

23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
98,420.00 kJ/mol   
6

24th Energy Level
Not Available   
104,400.00 kJ/mol   
2

25th Energy Level
Not Available   
121,900.00 kJ/mol   
1

26th Energy Level
Not Available   
127,700.00 kJ/mol   
1

27th Energy Level
Not Available   
133,800.00 kJ/mol   
1

28th Energy Level
Not Available   
139,800.00 kJ/mol   
1

29th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,100.00 kJ/mol   
1

30th Energy Level
Not Available   
154,500.00 kJ/mol   
1

Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
0.89 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
5.10 eV   
4
4.60 eV   
12

Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
79   
37
42   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
[Kr] 4d5 5s1   

Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   

Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
79   
37
42   
99+

Number of Neutrons
118   
23
54   
99+

Number of Electrons
79   
37
42   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
139.00 pm   
39

Covalent Radius
144.00 pm   
40
154.00 pm   
32

Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm   
39
200.00 pm   
28

Atomic Weight
196.97 amu   
33
95.95 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
9.40 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Platinum
  
Niobium
  

Next Element
Mercury
  
Technetium
  

Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
88.60 (-eV)   
13

Lattice Constant
407.82 pm   
21
314.70 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61   
4
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3   
15
10.28 g/cm3   
36

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3   
6
9.33 g/cm3   
20

Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
324.00 MPa   
13

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)   
4
0.00 (Pa)   
26

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa   
27
126.00 GPa   
8

Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa   
9
230.00 GPa   
6

Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa   
24
329.00 GPa   
6

Poisson Ratio
0.40   
4
0.31   
13

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Weldable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
19.32   
8
10.22   
27

Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   

Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
53.40 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
0.19 106/cm Ω   
11

Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
71.90 kJ/mol   
14

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.25 J/(kg K)   
21

Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K   
3
138.00 W/m·K   
12

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
4.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
594.10 kJ/mol   
8

Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
27.61 kJ/mol   
5

Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
653.00 kJ/mol   
7

Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
28.70 J/mol.K   
99+

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