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Gold vs Molybdenum

Gold
Molybdenum
Molybdenum vs Gold


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au  
Mo  
Group Number
11  
7
6  
12
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440575  
31
7439987  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Carl Wilhelm Scheele  
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE  
In 1778  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
Physical
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C  
99+
2,617.00 °C  
5
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C  
37
4,612.00 °C  
9
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gold  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa  
99+
1,370.00 MPa  
7
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa  
99+
1,400.00 MPa  
11
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
5,400.00 m/s  
9
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.47  
99+
2.00  
15
Reflectivity
95.00 %  
2
58.00 %  
25
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Au  
Mo  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54  
2
2.16  
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.50  
18
1.15  
34
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87  
15
2.16  
7
Allen Electronegativity
1.92  
7
2.16  
3
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46  
99+
1.84  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
684.30 kJ/mol  
37
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
1,560.00 kJ/mol  
38
3rd Energy Level
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
2,618.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
36
5th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
5,257.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
6,640.80 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
12,125.00 kJ/mol  
13
8th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
13,860.00 kJ/mol  
16
9th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
15,835.00 kJ/mol  
16
10th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
17,980.00 kJ/mol  
18
11th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
20,190.00 kJ/mol  
17
12th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
22,219.00 kJ/mol  
38
13th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
26,930.00 kJ/mol  
13
14th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
29,196.00 kJ/mol  
13
15th Energy Level
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
52,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
55,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
61,400.00 kJ/mol  
9
18th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
67,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
19th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
74,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
20th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
21st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
22nd Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
93,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
23rd Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
98,420.00 kJ/mol  
6
24th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
104,400.00 kJ/mol  
2
25th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
121,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
26th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
127,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
27th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
133,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
28th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
139,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
29th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
148,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
30th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
154,500.00 kJ/mol  
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
0.89 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV  
8
4.60 eV  
17
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
79  
37
42  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
[Kr] 4d5 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79  
37
42  
99+
Number of Neutrons
118  
24
54  
99+
Number of Electrons
79  
37
42  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
139.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm  
99+
154.00 pm  
34
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu  
33
95.95 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
9.40 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Niobium
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Technetium
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
88.60 (-eV)  
13
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm  
24
314.70 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.03  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3  
15
10.28 g/cm3  
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3  
16
9.33 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
324.00 MPa  
15
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
5
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
25
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)  
4
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
126.00 GPa  
8
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
230.00 GPa  
6
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa  
26
329.00 GPa  
6
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32  
17
10.22  
40
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
22
0.00  
29
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
53.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
0.19 106/cm Ω  
11
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
71.90 kJ/mol  
16
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.25 J/(kg K)  
21
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
24.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K  
3
138.00 W/m·K  
12
Critical Temperature
1,337.00 K  
99+
2,896.00 K  
6
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
4.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
594.10 kJ/mol  
9
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
27.61 kJ/mol  
5
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
653.00 kJ/mol  
7
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
28.70 J/mol.K  
99+
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