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Molybdenum vs Mercury

Molybdenum
Mercury
Mercury vs Molybdenum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mo  
Hg  
Group Number
6  
12
12  
6
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439987  
99+
7439976  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
R_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
1
166.00  
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele  
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Discovery
In 1778  
Before 2000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %  
19
Not Available  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %  
19
~-9999 %  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
24
Not Available  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
39
0.05 %  
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
9
Not Available  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
14
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.  
18
0.45 p.p.m.  
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,617.00 °C  
5
Not Available  
Boiling Point
4,612.00 °C  
9
356.58 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Liquid  
Color
Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
Not Available  
Brinell Hardness
1,370.00 MPa  
7
Not Available  
Vickers Hardness
1,400.00 MPa  
6
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
5,400.00 m/s  
6
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available  
1.00  
3
Reflectivity
58.00 %  
15
73.00 %  
8
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mo  
Hg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25  
14
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.16  
5
2.00  
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.15  
19
2.20  
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
24
1.44  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.81  
9
Allen Electronegativity
2.16  
3
1.44  
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.84  
99+
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
684.30 kJ/mol  
37
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
2nd Energy Level
1,560.00 kJ/mol  
37
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
3rd Energy Level
2,618.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
4th Energy Level
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
26
Not Available  
5th Energy Level
5,257.00 kJ/mol  
32
Not Available  
6th Energy Level
6,640.80 kJ/mol  
22
Not Available  
7th Energy level
12,125.00 kJ/mol  
13
Not Available  
8th Energy Level
13,860.00 kJ/mol  
16
Not Available  
9th Energy Level
15,835.00 kJ/mol  
16
Not Available  
10th Energy Level
17,980.00 kJ/mol  
18
Not Available  
11th Energy Level
20,190.00 kJ/mol  
17
Not Available  
12th Energy Level
22,219.00 kJ/mol  
15
Not Available  
13th Energy Level
26,930.00 kJ/mol  
13
Not Available  
14th Energy Level
29,196.00 kJ/mol  
13
Not Available  
15th Energy Level
52,490.00 kJ/mol  
7
Not Available  
16th Energy Level
55,000.00 kJ/mol  
8
Not Available  
17th Energy Level
61,400.00 kJ/mol  
9
Not Available  
18th Energy Level
67,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
Not Available  
19th Energy Level
74,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
Not Available  
20th Energy Level
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
Not Available  
21st Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
Not Available  
22nd Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
Not Available  
23rd Energy Level
98,420.00 kJ/mol  
6
Not Available  
24th Energy Level
104,400.00 kJ/mol  
2
Not Available  
25th Energy Level
121,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
Not Available  
26th Energy Level
127,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
Not Available  
27th Energy Level
133,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
Not Available  
28th Energy Level
139,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
Not Available  
29th Energy Level
148,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
Not Available  
30th Energy Level
154,500.00 kJ/mol  
1
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.89 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
Electron Work Function
4.60 eV  
12
4.49 eV  
15
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
42  
99+
80  
36
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
42  
99+
80  
36
Number of Neutrons
54  
99+
121  
22
Number of Electrons
42  
99+
80  
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
39
151.00 pm  
32
Covalent Radius
154.00 pm  
32
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
28
155.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
95.95 amu  
99+
200.59 amu  
32
Atomic Volume
9.40 cm3/mol  
99+
14.82 cm3/mol  
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Niobium
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Technetium
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
88.60 (-eV)  
13
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
314.70 pm  
99+
300.50 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
NA  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.28 g/cm3  
36
13.53 g/cm3  
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.33 g/cm3  
20
Not Available  
Tensile Strength
324.00 MPa  
13
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
0.00  
1
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
126.00 GPa  
8
Not Available  
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa  
6
Not Available  
Young's Modulus
329.00 GPa  
6
Not Available  
Poisson Ratio
0.31  
13
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Weldable  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.22  
27
13.53  
16
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
53.40 nΩ·m  
99+
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
11
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
71.90 kJ/mol  
14
0.00 kJ/mol  
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.25 J/(kg K)  
21
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K  
99+
27.98 J/mol·K  
13
Thermal Conductivity
138.00 W/m·K  
12
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
1,750.00 K  
6
Thermal Expansion
4.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
594.10 kJ/mol  
8
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.61 kJ/mol  
5
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
653.00 kJ/mol  
7
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
28.70 J/mol.K  
99+
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
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