Molybdenum Mercury Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Mo
Hg
Group Number
6
12
12
6
Period Number
5
6
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439987
99+
7439976
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
R_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
166.00
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
- Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Discovery
In 1778
Before 2000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %
19
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
19
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
24
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
39
0.05 %
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
9
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
14
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
- Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
31
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
23
In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.
18
0.45 p.p.m.
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,617.00 °C
5
Not Available
Boiling Point
4,612.00 °C
9
356.58 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Liquid
Color
Gray
Silver
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.50
7
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
1,370.00 MPa
7
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
1,400.00 MPa
6
Not Available
Speed of Sound
5,400.00 m/s
6
1,451.40 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.00
3
Reflectivity
58.00 %
15
73.00 %
8
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mo
Hg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
25
14
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.16
5
2.00
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.15
19
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30
24
1.44
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.81
9
Allen Electronegativity
2.16
3
1.44
30
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.84
99+
2.00
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
684.30 kJ/mol
37
1,007.10 kJ/mol
4
2nd Energy Level
1,560.00 kJ/mol
37
1,810.00 kJ/mol
20
3rd Energy Level
2,618.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol
20
4th Energy Level
4,480.00 kJ/mol
26
Not Available
5th Energy Level
5,257.00 kJ/mol
32
Not Available
6th Energy Level
6,640.80 kJ/mol
22
Not Available
7th Energy level
12,125.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
8th Energy Level
13,860.00 kJ/mol
16
Not Available
9th Energy Level
15,835.00 kJ/mol
16
Not Available
10th Energy Level
17,980.00 kJ/mol
18
Not Available
11th Energy Level
20,190.00 kJ/mol
17
Not Available
12th Energy Level
22,219.00 kJ/mol
15
Not Available
13th Energy Level
26,930.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
14th Energy Level
29,196.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
15th Energy Level
52,490.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
16th Energy Level
55,000.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
17th Energy Level
61,400.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
18th Energy Level
67,700.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
19th Energy Level
74,000.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
20th Energy Level
80,400.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
21st Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
22nd Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
23rd Energy Level
98,420.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
24th Energy Level
104,400.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
25th Energy Level
121,900.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
26th Energy Level
127,700.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
27th Energy Level
133,800.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
28th Energy Level
139,800.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
29th Energy Level
148,100.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
30th Energy Level
154,500.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.89 g/amp-hr
99+
3.74 g/amp-hr
10
Electron Work Function
4.60 eV
12
4.49 eV
15
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
42
99+
80
36
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
42
99+
80
36
Number of Neutrons
54
99+
121
22
Number of Electrons
42
99+
80
36
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm
39
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
154.00 pm
32
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
155.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
95.95 amu
99+
200.59 amu
32
Atomic Volume
9.40 cm3/mol
99+
14.82 cm3/mol
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
88.60 (-eV)
13
28.20 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
314.70 pm
99+
300.50 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
10.28 g/cm3
36
13.53 g/cm3
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.33 g/cm3
20
Not Available
Tensile Strength
324.00 MPa
13
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
0.00
1
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
26
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
126.00 GPa
8
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa
6
Not Available
Young's Modulus
329.00 GPa
6
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.31
13
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Weldable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
10.22
27
13.53
16
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
53.40 nΩ·m
99+
961.00 nΩ·m
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω
11
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
71.90 kJ/mol
14
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.25 J/(kg K)
21
0.14 J/(kg K)
38
Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K
99+
27.98 J/mol·K
13
Thermal Conductivity
138.00 W/m·K
12
8.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
1,750.00 K
6
Thermal Expansion
4.80 µm/(m·K)
99+
60.40 µm/(m·K)
5
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
594.10 kJ/mol
8
56.90 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.61 kJ/mol
5
2.29 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
653.00 kJ/mol
7
61.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
28.70 J/mol.K
99+
75.80 J/mol.K
6
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