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Mercury vs Vanadium

Mercury
Vanadium
Vanadium vs Mercury


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg   
V   
Group Number
12   
6
5   
13
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439976   
99+
7440622   
27
Space Group Name
R_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
166.00   
6
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Andrés Manuel del Río   
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE   
In 1801   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
1 * 10-4 %   
10
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.00004 %   
13
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.01 %   
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %   
9
0.02 %   
12
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
14
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
36
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
0.00 p.p.m.   
31
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available   
1,890.00 °C   
13
Boiling Point
356.58 °C   
99+
3,380.00 °C   
20
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Blue-Silver Grey   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.70   
4
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
600.00 MPa   
20
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
628.00 MPa   
17
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
4,560.00 m/s   
17
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00   
3
Not Available   
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
61.00 %   
14
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg   
V   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
22   
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
1.63   
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20   
7
1.39   
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.45   
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81   
9
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.44   
30
1.53   
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
2.37   
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
650.90 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
1,414.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
2,830.00 kJ/mol   
35
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,507.00 kJ/mol   
25
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,298.70 kJ/mol   
23
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
12,363.00 kJ/mol   
5
7th Energy level
Not Available   
14,530.00 kJ/mol   
5
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,730.00 kJ/mol   
7
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,860.00 kJ/mol   
7
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,240.00 kJ/mol   
12
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
24,670.00 kJ/mol   
15
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,730.00 kJ/mol   
12
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
32,446.00 kJ/mol   
12
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
86,450.00 kJ/mol   
1
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
94,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
102,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
112,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
121,600.00 kJ/mol   
5
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
130,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
143,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
151,440.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
0.38 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV   
15
4.30 eV   
18
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80   
36
23   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
[Ar] 3d3 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80   
36
23   
99+
Number of Neutrons
121   
22
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
80   
36
23   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm   
99+
153.00 pm   
33
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm   
99+
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu   
32
50.94 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
8.78 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
120.00 (-eV)   
6
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm   
99+
303.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3   
24
6.00 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
800.00 MPa   
6
Viscosity
0.00   
1
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.23 (Pa)   
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
47.00 GPa   
16
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
128.00 GPa   
15
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.37   
7
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53   
16
5.96   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
197.00 nΩ·m   
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω   
35
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
50.60 kJ/mol   
20
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
0.49 J/(kg K)   
10
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
24.89 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
30.70 W/m·K   
39
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K   
6
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
8.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
458.60 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
514.60 kJ/mol   
13
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
28.90 J/mol.K   
99+
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