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Mercury Vanadium Comparison

Mercury
Vanadium
Vanadium Mercury comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg  
V  
Group Number
12  
6
5  
13
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439976  
99+
7440622  
27
Space Group Name
R_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Andrés Manuel del Río  
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE  
In 1801  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.09 %  
2
0.00 %  
11
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %  
9
0.02 %  
12
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
39
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.  
23
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Physical
Melting Point
-38.83 °C  
99+
1,890.00 °C  
13
Boiling Point
356.58 °C  
99+
3,380.00 °C  
21
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Blue-Silver Grey  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
6.70  
4
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa  
99+
600.00 MPa  
24
Vickers Hardness
0.00 MPa  
99+
628.00 MPa  
25
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
4,560.00 m/s  
22
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
2.05  
13
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
10
61.00 %  
22
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Hg  
V  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
22  
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
8
1.63  
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.39  
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.45  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81  
17
1.63  
21
Allen Electronegativity
1.44  
34
1.53  
29
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.37  
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
21
1,414.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
2,830.00 kJ/mol  
36
4th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4,507.00 kJ/mol  
35
5th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,298.70 kJ/mol  
38
6th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,363.00 kJ/mol  
6
7th Energy level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,530.00 kJ/mol  
5
8th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16,730.00 kJ/mol  
7
9th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19,860.00 kJ/mol  
7
10th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22,240.00 kJ/mol  
12
11th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24,670.00 kJ/mol  
15
12th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,730.00 kJ/mol  
34
13th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
32,446.00 kJ/mol  
12
14th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
86,450.00 kJ/mol  
1
15th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
94,170.00 kJ/mol  
3
16th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
102,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
17th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
24
112,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
18th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
121,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
19th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
20
130,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
20th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
11
143,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
21st Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
33
151,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
22nd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
8
650.00 kJ/mol  
32
23rd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
36
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
25th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
26th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
27th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
2
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
28th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
5
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
6
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
0.38 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV  
20
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
80  
36
23  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
[Ar] 3d3 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80  
36
23  
99+
Number of Neutrons
121  
23
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
80  
36
23  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
153.00 pm  
35
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu  
32
50.94 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol  
99+
8.78 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
120.00 (-eV)  
6
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm  
99+
303.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.42  
99+
1.70  
9
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3  
25
6.00 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.55 g/cm3  
27
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
800.00 MPa  
6
Viscosity
0.00  
4
0.00  
11
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.23 (Pa)  
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
47.00 GPa  
16
Bulk Modulus
25.00 GPa  
99+
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa  
99+
128.00 GPa  
17
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53  
27
5.96  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
20
0.00  
8
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
197.00 nΩ·m  
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω  
40
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
39
0.49 J/(kg K)  
10
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K  
16
24.89 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
30.70 W/m·K  
40
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K  
33
2,183.00 K  
15
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
8.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
458.60 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
514.60 kJ/mol  
17
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
28.90 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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