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Molybdenum vs Copper

Molybdenum
Copper
Copper vs Molybdenum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mo  
Cu  
Group Number
6  
12
11  
7
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439987  
99+
7440508  
37
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele  
-  
Discovery
In 1778  
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
24
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
39
0.01 %  
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
Physical
Melting Point
2,617.00 °C  
5
1,084.62 °C  
40
Boiling Point
4,612.00 °C  
9
2,562.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Copper  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
3.00  
13
Brinell Hardness
1,370.00 MPa  
7
235.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,400.00 MPa  
11
343.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
5,400.00 m/s  
9
3,810.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.00  
15
1.10  
99+
Reflectivity
58.00 %  
25
90.00 %  
4
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Mo  
Cu  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25  
14
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.16  
6
1.90  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.15  
34
1.98  
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.16  
7
1.49  
27
Allen Electronegativity
2.16  
3
1.85  
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.84  
99+
2.10  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
684.30 kJ/mol  
37
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
2nd Energy Level
1,560.00 kJ/mol  
38
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
3rd Energy Level
2,618.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
4th Energy Level
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
36
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
5th Energy Level
5,257.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6th Energy Level
6,640.80 kJ/mol  
99+
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
7th Energy level
12,125.00 kJ/mol  
13
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
8th Energy Level
13,860.00 kJ/mol  
16
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
9th Energy Level
15,835.00 kJ/mol  
16
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
10th Energy Level
17,980.00 kJ/mol  
18
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
11th Energy Level
20,190.00 kJ/mol  
17
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
12th Energy Level
22,219.00 kJ/mol  
38
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
13th Energy Level
26,930.00 kJ/mol  
13
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
14th Energy Level
29,196.00 kJ/mol  
13
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
15th Energy Level
52,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
55,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
61,400.00 kJ/mol  
9
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
18th Energy Level
67,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
19th Energy Level
74,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
20th Energy Level
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
21st Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
22nd Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
23rd Energy Level
98,420.00 kJ/mol  
6
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
24th Energy Level
104,400.00 kJ/mol  
2
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
25th Energy Level
121,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
26th Energy Level
127,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
27th Energy Level
133,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
28th Energy Level
139,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
29th Energy Level
148,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
30th Energy Level
154,500.00 kJ/mol  
1
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.89 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.60 eV  
17
4.65 eV  
16
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
42  
99+
29  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s1  
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
42  
99+
29  
99+
Number of Neutrons
54  
99+
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
42  
99+
29  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
154.00 pm  
34
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
140.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
95.95 amu  
99+
63.55 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.40 cm3/mol  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Niobium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Technetium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
88.60 (-eV)  
13
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
314.70 pm  
99+
361.49 pm  
39
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.03  
99+
1.28  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.28 g/cm3  
39
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.33 g/cm3  
99+
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
324.00 MPa  
15
210.00 MPa  
19
Viscosity
0.00  
5
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
1.53 (Pa)  
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
27
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
126.00 GPa  
8
48.00 GPa  
15
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa  
6
140.00 GPa  
12
Young's Modulus
329.00 GPa  
6
120.00 GPa  
19
Poisson Ratio
0.31  
13
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Weldable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.22  
40
8.89  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
19
Susceptibility
0.00  
29
0.00  
31
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
53.40 nΩ·m  
99+
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
11
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
Electron Affinity
71.90 kJ/mol  
16
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.25 J/(kg K)  
21
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K  
99+
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
138.00 W/m·K  
12
401.00 W/m·K  
2
Critical Temperature
2,896.00 K  
6
1,358.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
4.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
594.10 kJ/mol  
9
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.61 kJ/mol  
5
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
653.00 kJ/mol  
7
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
Standard Molar Entropy
28.70 J/mol.K  
99+
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
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