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Copper vs Molybdenum

Copper
Molybdenum
Molybdenum vs Copper


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cu   
Mo   
Group Number
11   
7
6   
12
Period Number
4   
5   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440508   
37
7439987   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   
Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)   
In 1778   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-6 %   
12
5 * 10-7 %   
19
Abundance In Sun
~0.00007 %   
12
~0.0000009 %   
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %   
13
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
17
0.00 %   
39
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
8
0.00 %   
9
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
9
0.00 %   
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
8
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
31
In Bone
26.00 p.p.m.   
12
0.70 p.p.m.   
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C   
40
2,617.00 °C   
5
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C   
99+
4,612.00 °C   
9
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Copper   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
5.50   
7
Brinell Hardness
235.00 MPa   
38
1,370.00 MPa   
7
Vickers Hardness
343.00 MPa   
28
1,400.00 MPa   
6
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s   
19
5,400.00 m/s   
6
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
90.00 %   
3
58.00 %   
15
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cu   
Mo   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90   
11
2.16   
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98   
9
1.15   
19
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75   
3
1.30   
24
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.49   
14
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.85   
9
2.16   
3
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10   
99+
1.84   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
684.30 kJ/mol   
37
2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
1,560.00 kJ/mol   
37
3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
2,618.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol   
12
4,480.00 kJ/mol   
26
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
5,257.00 kJ/mol   
32
6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
6,640.80 kJ/mol   
22
7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
12,125.00 kJ/mol   
13
8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
13,860.00 kJ/mol   
16
9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol   
9
15,835.00 kJ/mol   
16
10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
17,980.00 kJ/mol   
18
11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol   
13
20,190.00 kJ/mol   
17
12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
22,219.00 kJ/mol   
15
13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
26,930.00 kJ/mol   
13
14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
29,196.00 kJ/mol   
13
15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
52,490.00 kJ/mol   
7
16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol   
10
55,000.00 kJ/mol   
8
17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol   
12
61,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol   
10
67,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol   
11
74,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
80,400.00 kJ/mol   
10
21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
87,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
93,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
98,420.00 kJ/mol   
6
24th Energy Level
Not Available   
104,400.00 kJ/mol   
2
25th Energy Level
Not Available   
121,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
26th Energy Level
Not Available   
127,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
27th Energy Level
Not Available   
133,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
28th Energy Level
Not Available   
139,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
29th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
30th Energy Level
Not Available   
154,500.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.89 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.65 eV   
11
4.60 eV   
12
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
29   
99+
42   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1   
[Kr] 4d5 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
29   
99+
42   
99+
Number of Neutrons
35   
99+
54   
99+
Number of Electrons
29   
99+
42   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm   
99+
139.00 pm   
39
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm   
99+
154.00 pm   
32
Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm   
99+
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
63.55 amu   
99+
95.95 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
9.40 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nickel
  
Niobium
  
Next Element
Zinc
  
Technetium
  
Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)   
99+
88.60 (-eV)   
13
Lattice Constant
361.49 pm   
35
314.70 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm3   
99+
10.28 g/cm3   
36
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.02 g/cm3   
27
9.33 g/cm3   
20
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
324.00 MPa   
13
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.53 (Pa)   
8
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
26
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
48.00 GPa   
15
126.00 GPa   
8
Bulk Modulus
140.00 GPa   
12
230.00 GPa   
6
Young's Modulus
120.00 GPa   
17
329.00 GPa   
6
Poisson Ratio
0.34   
10
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.89   
34
10.22   
27
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m   
5
Not Available   
Susceptibility
-9.63 * 10-6   
4
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m   
99+
53.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω   
2
0.19 106/cm Ω   
11
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
71.90 kJ/mol   
14
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)   
15
0.25 J/(kg K)   
21
Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K   
99+
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K   
2
138.00 W/m·K   
12
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)   
25
4.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol   
33
594.10 kJ/mol   
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol   
99+
27.61 kJ/mol   
5
Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol   
29
653.00 kJ/mol   
7
Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K   
99+
28.70 J/mol.K   
99+
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