Home
 Compare Metals

Hafnium Copper Comparison

Hafnium
Copper
Copper Hafnium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hf  
Cu  
Group Number
4  
14
11  
7
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440586  
30
7440508  
37
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
By-product Zirconium Refining  
Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy  
-  
Discovery
In 1922  
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
37
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
31
0.01 %  
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
Physical
Melting Point
2,150.00 °C  
10
1,084.62 °C  
40
Boiling Point
5,400.00 °C  
5
2,562.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Copper  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
3.00  
13
Brinell Hardness
1,450.00 MPa  
6
235.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,520.00 MPa  
10
343.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,010.00 m/s  
39
3,810.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.00  
15
1.10  
99+
Reflectivity
71.00 %  
12
90.00 %  
4
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Hf  
Cu  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32  
7
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.90  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.98  
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23  
26
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.49  
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.16  
99+
1.85  
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.10  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
40
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
2nd Energy Level
1,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
3rd Energy Level
2,250.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
4th Energy Level
3,216.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
5th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
33
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
7th Energy level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
8th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
9th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
38
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
10th Energy Level
6,590.00 kJ/mol  
40
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
11th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
40
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
12th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
13th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
35
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
14th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
15th Energy Level
65,800.00 kJ/mol  
34
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
18th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
36
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
19th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
20th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
37
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
21st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
22nd Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
31
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
23rd Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
24th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
31
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
25th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
33
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
26th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
32
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
27th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
33
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
28th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
38
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
29th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
39
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
30th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
35
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.66 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.90 eV  
36
4.65 eV  
16
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
72  
99+
29  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2  
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
72  
99+
29  
99+
Number of Neutrons
106  
30
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
72  
99+
29  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm  
30
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
140.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
178.49 amu  
39
63.55 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
13.60 cm3/mol  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lutetium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Tantalum
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
81.00 (-eV)  
16
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
319.64 pm  
99+
361.49 pm  
39
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
1.28  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.31 g/cm3  
27
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.00 g/cm3  
31
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
445.00 MPa  
9
210.00 MPa  
19
Viscosity
0.00  
28
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
1.53 (Pa)  
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
25
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
48.00 GPa  
15
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa  
15
140.00 GPa  
12
Young's Modulus
78.00 GPa  
27
120.00 GPa  
19
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.31  
30
8.89  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
19
Susceptibility
0.00  
13
0.00  
31
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
331.00 nΩ·m  
14
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
Molar Heat Capacity
25.73 J/mol·K  
99+
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
23.00 W/m·K  
99+
401.00 W/m·K  
2
Critical Temperature
2,500.00 K  
11
1,358.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
5.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
661.10 kJ/mol  
6
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.10 kJ/mol  
8
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
703.00 kJ/mol  
5
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
Standard Molar Entropy
43.60 J/mol.K  
99+
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
<< Thermal

Compare Transition Metals

Transition Metals

Transition Metals

» More Transition Metals

Compare Transition Metals

» More Compare Transition Metals
Home | About | Contact | Disclaimer | Terms of use
© A softusvista inc. venture!