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Holmium Thorium Comparison

Holmium
Thorium
Thorium Holmium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ho   
Th   
Group Number
Not Available   
0   
18
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440600   
29
7440326   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
  • Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Marc Delafontaine   
Jöns Jakob Berzelius   
Discovery
In 1878   
In 1829   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %   
27
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0004 %   
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.05 %   
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
38
0.66 %   
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
  • Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
33
In Bone
Not Available   
0.02 p.p.m.   
29
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,461.00 °C   
30
1,750.00 °C   
17
Boiling Point
2,600.00 °C   
99+
4,790.00 °C   
8
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
746.00 MPa   
13
390.00 MPa   
29
Vickers Hardness
481.00 MPa   
23
295.00 MPa   
29
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s   
30
2,490.00 m/s   
36
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ho   
Th   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
28   
11
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.23   
37
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10   
30
1.11   
29
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.77   
17
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol   
99+
587.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,140.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,110.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,204.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,978.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,100.00 kJ/mol   
34
2,780.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr   
29
2.16 g/amp-hr   
24
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
3.41 eV   
32
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
67   
99+
90   
28
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f11 6s2   
[Rn] 6d2 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Holmium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
67   
99+
90   
28
Number of Neutrons
98   
34
142   
15
Number of Electrons
67   
99+
90   
28
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
179.80 pm   
15
Covalent Radius
192.00 pm   
17
206.00 pm   
7
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm   
24
237.00 pm   
15
Atomic Weight
164.93 amu   
99+
232.04 amu   
23
Atomic Volume
18.70 cm3/mol   
24
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Dysprosium
  
Actinium
  
Next Element
Erbium
  
Protactinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
47.90 (-eV)   
31
59.30 (-eV)   
23
Lattice Constant
357.73 pm   
38
508.42 pm   
14
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
17
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.79 g/cm3   
99+
11.72 g/cm3   
32
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.34 g/cm3   
26
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
16
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
26.30 GPa   
28
31.00 GPa   
21
Bulk Modulus
40.20 GPa   
32
54.00 GPa   
22
Young's Modulus
64.80 GPa   
31
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
0.23   
29
0.27   
20
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.80   
35
11.70   
23
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
814.00 nΩ·m   
4
157.00 nΩ·m   
22
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω   
31
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.15 J/mol·K   
19
26.23 J/mol·K   
30
Thermal Conductivity
16.20 W/m·K   
99+
54.00 W/m·K   
28
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
11.20 µm/(m·K)   
35
11.00 µm/(m·K)   
36
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
241.00 kJ/mol   
38
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.76 kJ/mol   
29
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol   
36
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
Standard Molar Entropy
75.30 J/mol.K   
8
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
Summary >>
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