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Holmium vs Samarium

Holmium
Samarium
Samarium vs Holmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ho   
Sm   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440600   
29
7440199   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
R_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
166.00   
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
  • Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
  
  • Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
  • Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Marc Delafontaine   
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   
Discovery
In 1878   
In 1879   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %   
27
5 * 10-7 %   
19
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
38
0.00 %   
29
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
40
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
  • Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
  
  • Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
  • Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Slightly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,461.00 °C   
30
1,072.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,600.00 °C   
99+
1,900.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
746.00 MPa   
13
441.00 MPa   
27
Vickers Hardness
481.00 MPa   
23
412.00 MPa   
24
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s   
30
2,130.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ho   
Sm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
30   
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.23   
37
1.17   
40
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10   
30
1.07   
32
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.77   
17
2.83   
14
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol   
99+
544.50 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,140.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,070.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,204.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,260.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,100.00 kJ/mol   
34
3,990.00 kJ/mol   
37
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr   
29
1.87 g/amp-hr   
34
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
2.70 eV   
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
67   
99+
62   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f11 6s2   
[Xe] 4f6 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Holmium.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
67   
99+
62   
99+
Number of Neutrons
98   
34
88   
39
Number of Electrons
67   
99+
62   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
180.00 pm   
14
Covalent Radius
192.00 pm   
17
198.00 pm   
13
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm   
24
229.00 pm   
20
Atomic Weight
164.93 amu   
99+
150.36 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
18.70 cm3/mol   
24
19.95 cm3/mol   
19
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Dysprosium
  
Promethium
  
Next Element
Erbium
  
Europium
  
Valence Electron Potential
47.90 (-eV)   
31
44.80 (-eV)   
37
Lattice Constant
357.73 pm   
38
362.10 pm   
33
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
17
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.79 g/cm3   
99+
7.52 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.34 g/cm3   
26
7.16 g/cm3   
32
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
16
0.94 (Pa)   
9
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
26.30 GPa   
28
19.50 GPa   
34
Bulk Modulus
40.20 GPa   
32
37.80 GPa   
35
Young's Modulus
64.80 GPa   
31
49.70 GPa   
37
Poisson Ratio
0.23   
29
0.27   
19
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.80   
35
7.52   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
814.00 nΩ·m   
4
0.94 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35
0.20 J/(kg K)   
31
Molar Heat Capacity
27.15 J/mol·K   
19
29.54 J/mol·K   
7
Thermal Conductivity
16.20 W/m·K   
99+
13.30 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
11.20 µm/(m·K)   
35
12.70 µm/(m·K)   
30
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
241.00 kJ/mol   
38
166.40 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.76 kJ/mol   
29
8.62 kJ/mol   
40
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol   
36
209.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
75.30 J/mol.K   
8
69.60 J/mol.K   
15
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