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 Compare Metals

Samarium vs Praseodymium

Samarium
Praseodymium
Praseodymium vs Samarium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sm  
Pr  
Group Number
3  
15
3  
15
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440199  
99+
7440100  
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
  • Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
  
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran  
-  
Discovery
In 1879  
In 1885  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
37
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
  • Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
  
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Slightly Toxic  
Moderately Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
22
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,072.00 °C  
99+
935.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,900.00 °C  
99+
3,130.00 °C  
28
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Grayish White  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
441.00 MPa  
32
481.00 MPa  
29
Vickers Hardness
412.00 MPa  
40
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,130.00 m/s  
99+
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.80  
22
1.64  
30
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sm  
Pr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30  
9
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.17  
99+
1.13  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.17  
33
1.13  
36
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07  
33
1.07  
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.17  
40
1.13  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.17  
99+
1.13  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.83  
14
2.87  
12
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,070.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,260.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,450.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
54,450.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
54,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
624.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
624.00 kJ/mol  
37
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
544.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
544.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.87 g/amp-hr  
38
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV  
99+
2.70 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
62  
99+
59  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f6 6s2  
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
62  
99+
59  
99+
Number of Neutrons
88  
40
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
62  
99+
59  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
182.00 pm  
13
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm  
13
203.00 pm  
9
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm  
25
239.00 pm  
18
Atomic Weight
150.36 amu  
99+
140.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
19.95 cm3/mol  
31
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Promethium
  
Cerium
  
Next Element
Europium
  
Neodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.80 (-eV)  
38
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
362.10 pm  
37
367.25 pm  
32
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
15
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.52 g/cm3  
99+
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.16 g/cm3  
99+
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
55.00 MPa  
37
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.94 (Pa)  
9
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
29
13.20 (Pa)  
7
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
19.50 GPa  
99+
14.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
37.80 GPa  
99+
28.80 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
49.70 GPa  
40
37.30 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.27  
19
0.28  
16
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.52  
99+
6.77  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
19
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.94 nΩ·m  
99+
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)  
32
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
Molar Heat Capacity
29.54 J/mol·K  
9
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
Thermal Conductivity
13.30 W/m·K  
99+
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,345.00 K  
99+
1,208.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
12.70 µm/(m·K)  
39
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
166.40 kJ/mol  
99+
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.62 kJ/mol  
99+
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
209.00 kJ/mol  
99+
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
Standard Molar Entropy
69.60 J/mol.K  
15
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
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