Indium Magnesium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
In
Mg
Group Number
13
5
2
16
Period Number
5
3
Block
p block
s block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440746
17
7439954
99+
Space Group Name
I4/mmm
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
139.00
8
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
- Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
Joseph Black
Discovery
In 1863
In 1755
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-8 %
28
6 * 10-2 %
2
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %
23
~0.07 %
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
12.00 %
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
2.90 %
4
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.13 %
2
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.03 %
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
- Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Medical Uses
Medical Research
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
In Bone
Not Available
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
Physical Properties
Melting Point
156.61 °C
99+
650.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C
99+
1,107.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Gray
Luster
Lustrous
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.20
20
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa
99+
260.00 MPa
36
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s
99+
4,940.00 m/s
11
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
74.00 %
7
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
In
Mg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
15
24
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78
16
1.31
31
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14
8
1.32
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49
13
1.23
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76
10
1.37
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.66
18
1.29
35
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22
38
2.69
23
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol
99+
737.70 kJ/mol
24
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol
18
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol
39
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol
17
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
5th Energy Level
Not Available
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
6th Energy Level
Not Available
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
7th Energy level
Not Available
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
8th Energy Level
Not Available
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
9th Energy Level
Not Available
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
10th Energy Level
Not Available
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
11th Energy Level
Not Available
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
12th Energy Level
Not Available
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV
24
3.66 eV
29
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
49
99+
12
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
[Ne] 3s2
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
49
99+
12
99+
Number of Neutrons
66
99+
12
99+
Number of Electrons
49
99+
12
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm
24
160.00 pm
27
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm
99+
141.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm
31
173.00 pm
37
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu
99+
24.31 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol
33
13.97 cm3/mol
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)
25
40.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm
99+
320.94 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3
99+
1.74 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3
33
1.58 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa
21
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)
11
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
17.00 GPa
37
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
45.00 GPa
25
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa
99+
45.00 GPa
39
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.29
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.31
99+
1.74
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m
34
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω
17
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol
31
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
27
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K
25
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K
21
156.00 W/m·K
8
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)
9
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol
40
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol
99+
8.95 kJ/mol
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol
99+
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K
22
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
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