Iridium Copper Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ir
Cu
Group Number
9
9
11
7
Period Number
6
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439885
99+
7440508
37
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
- Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
- Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
- Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Unknown
Discovery
In 1803
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
6 * 10-6 %
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.00007 %
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
29
0.01 %
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.01 %
17
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
8
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
- It is use for coinage and bullion.
- Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3
8
In Bone
Not Available
26.00 p.p.m.
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,410.00 °C
7
1,084.62 °C
40
Boiling Point
4,527.00 °C
10
2,562.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Copper
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.50
5
3.00
12
Brinell Hardness
1,670.00 MPa
5
235.00 MPa
38
Vickers Hardness
1,760.00 MPa
3
343.00 MPa
28
Speed of Sound
4,825.00 m/s
13
3,810.00 m/s
19
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
78.00 %
6
90.00 %
3
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ir
Cu
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
29
10
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
1.90
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.98
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55
11
1.75
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.49
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.68
17
1.85
9
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
2.10
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol
9
745.50 kJ/mol
22
2nd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol
35
1,957.90 kJ/mol
15
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
3,555.00 kJ/mol
15
4th Energy Level
Not Available
5,536.00 kJ/mol
12
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,700.00 kJ/mol
11
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,900.00 kJ/mol
10
7th Energy level
Not Available
13,400.00 kJ/mol
7
8th Energy Level
Not Available
16,000.00 kJ/mol
9
9th Energy Level
Not Available
19,200.00 kJ/mol
9
10th Energy Level
Not Available
22,400.00 kJ/mol
11
11th Energy Level
Not Available
25,600.00 kJ/mol
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available
35,600.00 kJ/mol
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available
38,700.00 kJ/mol
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available
42,000.00 kJ/mol
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available
46,700.00 kJ/mol
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available
50,200.00 kJ/mol
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available
53,700.00 kJ/mol
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available
61,100.00 kJ/mol
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available
64,702.00 kJ/mol
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available
163,700.00 kJ/mol
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available
174,100.00 kJ/mol
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
184,900.00 kJ/mol
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
198,800.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV
13
4.65 eV
11
Other Chemical Properties
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
77
39
29
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
74
99+
29
99+
Number of Neutrons
110
27
35
99+
Number of Electrons
74
99+
29
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm
99+
128.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm
99+
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm
27
140.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
192.22 amu
34
63.55 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol
99+
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)
5
34.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
383.90 pm
26
361.49 pm
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
22.56 g/cm3
10
8.96 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.00 g/cm3
3
8.02 g/cm3
27
Tensile Strength
2,000.00 MPa
2
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
1.53 (Pa)
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
25
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
210.00 GPa
2
48.00 GPa
15
Bulk Modulus
320.00 GPa
3
140.00 GPa
12
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa
1
120.00 GPa
17
Poisson Ratio
0.26
22
0.34
10
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.78
3
8.89
34
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m
5
Susceptibility
Not Available
-9.63 * 10-6
4
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
47.10 nΩ·m
99+
16.78 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω
10
0.60 106/cm Ω
2
Electron Affinity
151.00 kJ/mol
4
222.80 kJ/mol
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.38 J/(kg K)
15
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K
99+
24.44 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
147.00 W/m·K
10
401.00 W/m·K
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
16.50 µm/(m·K)
25
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol
1
283.70 kJ/mol
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol
1
7.11 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol
1
338.90 kJ/mol
29
Standard Molar Entropy
35.50 J/mol.K
99+
33.20 J/mol.K
99+
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